ATI RN
ATI VATI Pharmacology Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
Methotrexate, the most widely used antimetabolite in cancer chemotherapy does not penetrate the central nervous system (CNS). To treat CNS disease this drug must be administered:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Methotrexate is a drug commonly used in cancer chemotherapy due to its ability to inhibit the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins necessary for cell reproduction. Unfortunately, methotrexate does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier well, which means it cannot effectively reach or treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases when administered through traditional routes like oral ingestion or intravenous injection.
Question 2 of 5
When a patient is receiving diuretic therapy, which of these assessment measures would best reflect the patient™s fluid volume status?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 3 of 5
When counseling a male patient about the possible adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs, the nurse will discuss which potential problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antihypertensive drugs, specifically beta-blockers and diuretics, are known to potentially cause sexual dysfunction in male patients, including impotence. Impotence or erectile dysfunction can be a side effect of these medications due to their mechanism of action on blood vessels and circulation. It is important for healthcare providers to discuss this potential adverse effect with male patients to ensure they are informed and can seek appropriate management or alternative treatments if needed. Bradycardia, increased libido, and weight gain are also possible side effects of antihypertensive drugs, but impotence is a specific concern related to male sexual health that should be addressed during counseling.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse will monitor a patient for signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia if the patient is taking which of these diuretics?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by blocking the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys while retaining potassium. This mechanism can lead to an increased risk of hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. Therefore, patients taking spironolactone should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia, such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and abnormal heart rhythms. In contrast, diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide (choice A), furosemide (choice B), and acetazolamide (choice C) are not typically associated with the risk of hyperkalemia.
Question 5 of 5
In the case of a Heparin overdose, which antidote would you give?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heparin is an anticoagulant medication that can lead to excessive bleeding if overdosed. Protamine sulfate is the specific antidote for heparin overdose. It works by binding to heparin and neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. This helps to reverse the effects of heparin and prevent further bleeding complications. In cases of heparin overdose or when rapid reversal of heparin's anticoagulant effects is required, protamine sulfate should be administered. Naloxone is used as an antidote for opioid overdose, Ibutilide is a antiarrhythmic medication used for atrial fibrillation, and Methylphenidate is a stimulant medication used for ADHD.