ATI RN
Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
Melatonin from the pineal gland regulates
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Melatonin (pineal) regulates sleep-wake cycles, peaking in darkness circadian driver. Water balance is ADH (pituitary), not melatonin. Sexual development ties to gonadal hormones (e.g., testosterone), not pineal puberty onset theories are minor. Sleep regulation distinguishes melatonin, critical for rhythm, unlike water or sex roles.
Question 2 of 5
Action of parathormone in the human body
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands raises blood calcium by enhancing bone resorption, kidney reabsorption, and gut absorption via calcitriol not sodium, which aldosterone manages, nor does it lower calcium (calcitonin's role). This calcium-elevating action distinguishes PTH's homeostatic function, essential for nerve and muscle activity. Confusing sodium or calcium reduction with PTH misaligns its purpose, a common NEET trap highlighting endocrine specificity.
Question 3 of 5
The portion of the pituitary that arises from the roof of the primitive oral cavity is the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) develops from Rathke's pouch, an outpocketing of the oral cavity's roof, forming glandular tissue that secretes hormones like ACTH. The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary, including pars nervosa) and infundibulum arise from the brain's floor, neural ectoderm, storing hypothalamic hormones (e.g., ADH). Pars nervosa is a neurohypophysis subset, not distinct here. Adenohypophysis' oral origin drives its endocrine role, distinguishing it from neural-derived parts, key to pituitary embryology.
Question 4 of 5
When there is a marked deficiency of hormone secretion by the thyroid gland in a young child:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thyroid hormone deficiency in children (e.g., congenital hypothyroidism) hinders mental and physical growth, causing cretinism stunted stature and cognition due to low metabolism. Acromegaly is GH excess, unrelated. Eye bulging (exophthalmos) ties to hyperthyroidism (Graves'). High BMR reflects hyperthyroidism, not deficiency. Growth impairment from low thyroxine distinguishes it, critical for development, unlike growth hormone or hyperthyroid effects.
Question 5 of 5
Secretion of which hormone would be increased in an iodine-deficiency goiter?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In iodine-deficiency goiter, low iodine reduces thyroxine (T₄) and T₃ synthesis, prompting the pituitary to increase TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) to stimulate the thyroid, causing enlargement (goiter). Thyroxine and T₃ decrease due to substrate lack, not increase. 'All' is incorrect only TSH rises to compensate. TSH's feedback-driven surge distinguishes it, key to goiter pathology, unlike diminished thyroid hormones.