ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Megalencephaly (enlargement of the brain) is seen in
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tuberous sclerosis causmegalencephaly, per neurology, from cortical tubers and growth dysregulation. Achondroplasia and osteopetrosis affect skull; fragile X microcephaly risk; hypochondroplasia skeletal. Tuberous brain enlargement make B the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
The MOST common cause of long-term morbidity in a patient with depressed consciousness is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypoxia is the most common cause of long-term morbidity in depressed consciousness, per critical care, from neuronal death (e.g., HIE). Hypoglycemia , hyperosmolality , hypercapnia , and hyperammonemia are reversible or less frequent. Hypoxias damage makes D the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
In pseudotumor cerebri; the MOST likely mechanism of increased ICP is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Idiopathic is the most likely mechanism in pseudotumor cerebri (IIH), per neurology, with unclear etiology (possibly venous sinus dysfunction) raising ICP. Blockage , edema , blood flow , and infarcts are secondary. IIHs unknown cause makes A the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
A 6-month-old infant was just diagnosed with craniosynostosis. The infants father asks the nurse for more information about reconstructive surgery. Select the nursbest response.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best response explains craniosynostosis surgerys purpose allowing brain growth while acknowledging risks like bleeding or increased ICP, requiring PICU monitoring, per neurosurgical standards. Cosmetic focus alone is inaccurate; surgery corrects restricted brain development from premature suture fusion. Waiting until 3 years (C, D) delays intervention; surgery is typically done at 6-12 months when brain growth is rapid, not complete. Option Ds claim of finished head growth is false skull growth continupast infancy. Bs balance of purpose, timing (implicitly early), and complication awareness, aligned with pediatric neurosurgery texts, makes itthe correct answer, addressing the fathers need for accurate, comprehensive information.
Question 5 of 5
A child in the PICU with a head injury is comatose and unresponsive. The parent asks if he needs pain medication. Select the nursbest response.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pain medication is necessary to make him comfortable is the best response, per PICU standards. Comatose patients may still process pain subcortically; untreated pain raisICP via stress responses, worsening outcomes. Option A denithis; B overstatinterference (titration avoids masking); D adds unnecessary complexity (oxygen demand isnt primary). Cs focus on comfort, supported by pain management guidelines, makes itthe correct answer, balancing ethics and physiology.