Medications that cause renal losses of magnesium i

ATI RN

ATI RN Test Bank

Medications that cause renal losses of magnesium include all the following EXCEPT

A. amphotericin B. cisplatin C. lithium D. proton pump inhibitors

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Proton pump inhibitors do not directly cause renal magnesium loss; others (e.g., amphotericin, cisplatin) affect tubular reabsorption.

Metabolic alkalosis with urinary chloride >20 meq/l occurs in

A. loop diuretics B. cystic fibrosis C. Cushing syndrome D. post-hypercapnia

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Loop diuretics cause metabolic alkalosis with high urinary chloride (>20 mEq/L) due to chloride loss.

Measuring serum concentrations of renin and aldosterone differentiates children with metabolic alkalosis; both renin and aldosterone are elevated in

A. renovascular disease B. glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism C. Liddle syndrome D. 11β-hydroxylase deficiency

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Renovascular disease increases renin and aldosterone due to reduced renal perfusion.

The best fluid bolus giving to a child with isolated vomiting and severe dehydration is

A. normal saline B. ringer lactate C. half-normal saline D. 5% dextrose + half-normal saline

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Normal saline is the best initial bolus for severe dehydration to restore volume safely.

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