Medications such as Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and Haloperidol (Haldol) often cause what is called ExtraPyramidal Symptoms (EPS). This group of symptoms includes:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this case, the correct answer is C) involuntary movements. ExtraPyramidal Symptoms (EPS) are a common side effect of certain antipsychotic medications like Chlorpromazine and Haloperidol. These symptoms include dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia, which are all characterized by abnormal involuntary movements. Option A) diarrhea and Option B) nausea/vomiting are common side effects of many medications but are not specifically associated with EPS caused by Chlorpromazine and Haloperidol. Option D) hyperglycemia is a possible side effect of some medications, particularly in the case of certain antipsychotics like Clozapine, but it is not a primary symptom of EPS. Educationally, understanding the side effects of pharmacological treatments is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide safe and effective care to clients. Recognizing EPS symptoms is important as they can impact a client's quality of life and treatment adherence. This knowledge can guide healthcare providers in monitoring, managing, and educating clients about potential side effects of their medications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 30 cc's. In pharmacology and healthcare, accurate measurement conversions are crucial to ensure the safe administration of medications to clients. Understanding these conversions is essential for healthcare professionals across all age groups. The conversion from ounces to cubic centimeters (cc's) is based on the fact that 1 fluid ounce is equivalent to approximately 30 cc's. This conversion is a standard in medication administration and healthcare practices. Option A) 15 cc's is incorrect because 1 ounce is greater than 15 cc's. Option C) 50 cc's is incorrect because 1 ounce is less than 50 cc's. Option D) 100 cc's is incorrect because it is double the correct conversion, which can lead to medication errors and potential harm to clients. Educationally, understanding and mastering these basic conversions are fundamental skills for healthcare professionals. It ensures accurate medication dosing, reduces the risk of errors, and promotes patient safety. Healthcare providers must be proficient in these conversions to deliver high-quality care to clients across the lifespan.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer to the question is B) mg. In pharmacology, the abbreviation "mg" stands for milligrams, which is a unit of measurement for mass or weight. It is commonly used to indicate the amount or dosage of a medication that needs to be administered to a client. Understanding and correctly interpreting dosage instructions in milligrams are crucial for ensuring the safety and efficacy of pharmacological treatments across all age groups. Option A) ug stands for micrograms, which is a smaller unit of measurement than milligrams. Option C) tsp stands for teaspoon, a unit of volume measurement, not mass. Option D) ml stands for milliliters, a unit of volume measurement commonly used for liquids, not mass like milligrams. Educationally, knowing the correct abbreviations for units of measurement in pharmacology is essential for healthcare professionals to accurately calculate and administer medications to clients of all ages. This knowledge helps prevent medication errors and ensures the proper dosage is given based on individual client needs and characteristics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) before meals. In pharmacology, the abbreviation "ac" stands for "ante cibum," which means before meals. This is a common instruction given for medication administration to ensure optimal absorption and effectiveness, especially for medications that may interact with food. Option A) active is incorrect because it does not correspond to the abbreviation "ac" in the context of pharmacological treatments. Option C) as needed and Option D) immediate or at once are also incorrect as they do not reflect the intended meaning of the abbreviation "ac." Understanding pharmaceutical abbreviations is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure safe and effective medication administration. By knowing the correct meanings of abbreviations like "ac," healthcare providers can prevent medication errors and provide quality care to clients across the lifespan. This knowledge is essential for pharmacists, nurses, and other healthcare professionals working in various clinical settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of medication administration, placing initials in the appropriate "box" of the Medication Administration Record (MAR) signifies that the medication has been given. The correct answer, D) all, is the most appropriate because it indicates that regardless of the type of medication (stat, prn, or routine), the nurse or healthcare provider should document their initials to confirm administration. This practice ensures accountability, accuracy, and continuity of care. Option A) stat is used for medications that are to be given immediately and only once. While it is crucial to document the administration of stat medications promptly, the initials should be added to the MAR regardless of the medication type, thus making D the more inclusive choice. Option B) prn (or PRN) refers to medications given as needed. It is essential to document when prn medications are administered to track their usage accurately and prevent over or under-dosing. Again, the practice of adding initials for all medications, including prn ones, ensures comprehensive documentation. Option C) routine medications are those given on a scheduled basis. While routine medications are part of the regular treatment plan, they still require documentation of administration by adding initials to the MAR. This emphasizes the importance of consistent record-keeping for all medications administered to clients across the lifespan. In an educational context, understanding the significance of accurate documentation in medication administration is vital for healthcare providers to ensure patient safety and quality care. Emphasizing the practice of adding initials to the MAR for all medications, regardless of their classification, reinforces professionalism, accountability, and adherence to best practices in healthcare.