Medication that is placed under the tongue to dissolve is delivered by what route?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In nursing pharmacology, understanding medication administration routes is crucial for safe and effective patient care. The correct answer to the question, "Medication that is placed under the tongue to dissolve is delivered by what route?" is D) sublingual. The sublingual route involves placing medication under the tongue where it dissolves and is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the highly vascular sublingual mucosa. This route allows for rapid onset of action as the medication bypasses the first-pass metabolism in the liver. Option A) buccal is incorrect because buccal administration involves placing medication between the cheek and gum, not under the tongue. Option B) injection is incorrect as it refers to delivering medication into the body using a needle and syringe, not through oral mucosa. Option C) subcutaneous is incorrect as it involves administering medication into the fatty layer of tissue just below the skin, not under the tongue. Understanding medication administration routes is vital for nurses to ensure accurate and safe drug delivery. By knowing the specifics of each route, nurses can optimize therapeutic effects, minimize adverse reactions, and provide patient education on proper medication administration techniques.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C) headache and confusion. When a person experiences low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), the brain is deprived of glucose, its primary energy source, leading to symptoms like headache and confusion. These symptoms serve as warning signs for individuals with diabetes who are taking insulin. Option A) very slow heart rate and leg pain is incorrect because these symptoms are more commonly associated with peripheral vascular diseases or cardiac conditions, not hypoglycemia. Option B) insomnia and anorexia are also incorrect as they are not typical symptoms of low blood sugar. Insomnia can be related to various factors, and anorexia is more likely to be seen in eating disorders or other medical conditions. Option D) dry, pale skin and slow respiratory rate are not indicative of hypoglycemia. Dry, pale skin can be related to dehydration or skin conditions, while a slow respiratory rate may indicate respiratory depression caused by certain medications or medical conditions. Educational Context: Understanding the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, who care for patients with diabetes. Recognizing and promptly treating low blood sugar can prevent serious complications such as seizures or loss of consciousness. Nurses need to be vigilant in monitoring patients on insulin therapy to ensure their safety and well-being. This knowledge is essential in providing quality care and promoting positive patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Omeprazole (Prilosec) because it is an Over-the-Counter (OTC) medication commonly used to prevent or treat upset stomach and heartburn by reducing the production of stomach acid. Omeprazole belongs to a class of medications called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and is readily available without a prescription for short-term use. Option A) Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is an antipsychotic medication used to treat various mental disorders, not for stomach-related issues. Option B) Donepezil (Aricept) is a medication used to treat symptoms of dementia, specifically in Alzheimer's disease, not for stomach-related problems. Option C) Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder, not for upset stomach or heartburn. Understanding the differences between medications is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in nursing pharmacology. It is essential to be able to differentiate between medications used for various conditions to provide safe and effective care to patients. Knowing which medications are OTC and their specific indications helps in patient education and management of common health issues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) 16 cc’s. One-half ounce is equivalent to 15 cc's, and since the question asks for the closest measurement, 16 cc's is the most accurate option provided. Option B) 7ml is incorrect because 1 ounce is equal to approximately 30 ml, so one-half ounce would be 15 ml, not 7 ml. Option C) 3 teaspoons is incorrect because one-half ounce is not equivalent to 3 teaspoons. In the context of medication administration, it is crucial for nursing students to accurately convert between different units of measurement to ensure correct dosages are administered to patients. Option D) ½ Tablespoon is incorrect because one-half ounce does not equal half a tablespoon. Understanding these conversions is essential in nursing pharmacology to prevent medication errors and ensure patient safety. Nurses need to be proficient in converting between different units of measurement to administer medications accurately and effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) TID, which stands for "ter in die" in Latin, meaning three times a day. This abbreviation is commonly used in healthcare settings to indicate the frequency of medication administration. It is crucial for nursing students to be familiar with these abbreviations to ensure accurate communication and safe medication administration practices. Option A) AID stands for "a medication given twice a day," which is incorrect as it does not correspond to the frequency of three times a day. Option B) BID stands for "bis in die" in Latin, meaning twice a day. It is used to indicate medications that should be taken two times a day, making it the wrong choice in this context. Option D) QID stands for "quater in die" in Latin, meaning four times a day. This abbreviation is used for medications that are prescribed to be taken four times a day, making it an incorrect option for the question. Understanding medication dosage frequencies is a fundamental aspect of nursing pharmacology. By knowing and correctly interpreting these abbreviations, nurses can ensure that patients receive the right medications at the right times, contributing to their overall health and well-being. Nurses must be precise in their communication and documentation to prevent medication errors and provide high-quality patient care.