Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to anti-microbial agents are the following, EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Enlarged uptake of the drug by a microorganism. This is incorrect because mechanisms of bacterial resistance involve reducing the uptake of the drug (choice D), modifying the drug's target (choice C), and actively transporting the drug out of the microorganism or hydrolyzing it with enzymes (choice A). Enlarged uptake would actually make the bacteria more susceptible to the antimicrobial agent, not resistant.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diloxanide. Diloxanide is the drug of choice for treating the asymptomatic intestinal form of amebiasis because it acts specifically against the trophozoites in the lumen of the intestine without affecting the cysts. Chloroquine (A) is used for malaria, emetine (C) is used for invasive amebiasis, and doxycycline (D) is an antibiotic not typically used for amebiasis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Doxorubicin. Doxorubicin is an antibiotic commonly used in cancer chemotherapy to treat various types of cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis in cancer cells, leading to cell death. Cytarabine (A) is an antimetabolite used in leukemia treatment, not an antibiotic for cancer chemotherapy. Gentamycin (C) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used for bacterial infections, not cancer treatment. Etoposide (D) is a topoisomerase inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy but is not classified as an antibiotic.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amiodarone. Amiodarone is not commonly used as an anticonvulsant; it is primarily used as an antiarrhythmic medication to treat various types of irregular heart rhythms. Adenosine is used to treat supraventricular tachycardia, not seizures. Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker used for hypertension and arrhythmias, not seizures. Esmolol is a beta-blocker primarily used for controlling heart rate in certain conditions, not seizures. Therefore, Amiodarone is the most appropriate choice for treating generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (Nitroprusside and esmolol) for aortic dissection. Nitroprusside is a vasodilator to reduce afterload and esmolol is a beta-blocker to control heart rate and blood pressure. This combination helps decrease shear stress on the aorta. A: Labetalol is a beta-blocker and prazosin is an alpha-blocker, not commonly used for aortic dissection. B: Diazoxide is a vasodilator and hydralazine is an arterial dilator, not the first-line in aortic dissection. C: Clonidine is a centrally acting alpha-agonist and captopril is an ACE inhibitor, not typically used in aortic dissection management.