ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drugs PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
Mechanism of penicillins’ antibacterial effect is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibition of transpeptidation in the bacterial cell wall. Penicillins work by inhibiting the enzyme transpeptidase, which is involved in the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains in the bacterial cell wall. This leads to weakened cell walls, causing bacterial cell lysis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because penicillins do not inhibit beta-lactamase (choice B), activate endogenous proteases to destroy the cell wall (choice C), or activate endogenous phospholipases altering cell membrane permeability (choice D). The primary mechanism of action of penicillins is through interfering with cell wall synthesis, making choice A the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Tick the drug, inhibiting uncoating of the viral RNA:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rimantadine. Rimantadine inhibits the uncoating of viral RNA by preventing the release of viral RNA into the host cell. This disrupts the replication process of the virus. Vidarabine (A) inhibits viral DNA polymerase, not viral RNA uncoating. Acyclovir (C) inhibits viral DNA polymerase as well. Didanozine (D) is an antiretroviral drug used in HIV treatment, not for inhibiting viral RNA uncoating.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is a potential detrimental effect of nitrates in the prophylactic treatment of exertional angina?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased capacitance of systemic veins. Nitrates cause vasodilation, leading to increased venous capacitance, reducing preload and myocardial oxygen demand. Decreased ejection time (A) and decreased arterial pressure (D) are actually beneficial effects of nitrates, as they reduce cardiac workload. Increased cardiac rate (B) is not a common adverse effect of nitrates in the treatment of exertional angina.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following molecular events most likely mediated the positive inotropic action of milrinone?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, which increases cAMP levels, leading to enhanced cardiac contractility. This occurs through the inhibition of the breakdown of cAMP, resulting in increased intracellular calcium levels and improved myocardial function. Choice B is incorrect because while protein kinase can increase cytoplasmic Ca2+, it is not the primary mechanism of milrinone's positive inotropic action. Choice C is incorrect as milrinone does not directly inhibit the Ca2+/Na+ exchanger. Choice D is incorrect as activation of phospholipase A2 is not the mechanism through which milrinone exerts its positive inotropic effects.
Question 5 of 5
Aldosterone release is stimulated by
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.