Measurement of the functions of a nephron reveals a glomerular capillary pressure of 59 mm Hg, and a pressure in the capsular space of 15 mm Hg. Assuming that the blood colloid osmotic pressure is 30 mm Hg, and that essentially no plasma proteins are filtered by the glomerulus, what is the net filtration pressure in this case?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (74 mm Hg). The net filtration pressure can be calculated using the formula: Net Filtration Pressure = Glomerular Capillary Pressure - Capsular Space Pressure - Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure. Substituting the given values: 59 mm Hg - 15 mm Hg - 30 mm Hg = 14 mm Hg. Since the question states that essentially no plasma proteins are filtered by the glomerulus, the Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure should not be subtracted. Therefore, the correct calculation is: 59 mm Hg - 15 mm Hg = 44 mm Hg. This is why choice D (74 mm Hg) is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not consider the proper calculation of net filtration pressure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Warm compresses to the perineum can help the patient relax and provide comfort before ileal prostatectomy. This intervention addresses the patient's psychological and physical well-being. Choice B is incorrect as medication administration to relax the bladder is not directly related to preparing for ileal prostatectomy. Choice C is incorrect as impaired mobility related to muscle limitations and reattempting catheterization are not primary concerns before the surgery. Choice D is incorrect as the patient's knowledge deficit on care of the ileal conduit is not the immediate priority before the surgery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hydronephrosis. Outlet obstruction can lead to a buildup of urine in the kidney, causing distention and pressure on the renal pelvis and calyces, resulting in hydronephrosis. This can lead to complications such as renal impairment and infection. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Nephritic syndrome is a condition characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney, not directly related to outlet obstruction. C: Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidneys and usually results from ascending urinary tract infections, not outlet obstruction. D: Using a slipper bedpan is not related to the physiological consequences of outlet obstruction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because pain management is crucial in the postoperative period to ensure the patient's comfort and promote recovery. With an ileal conduit, the patient may experience discomfort due to the surgical procedure and the stoma site. Proper pain management will help the patient mobilize, breathe deeply, and participate in activities that aid recovery. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on assisting with stone aspiration, which is not relevant to the scenario provided. Choices C and D are incomplete, making them invalid options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a blood pressure of 98/52 mm Hg indicates hypotension, which is a common sign of deficient fluid volume in patients with renal disorders. This indicates the need for immediate intervention to prevent complications such as hypovolemic shock. Choice A is incorrect because biopsies are not routinely ordered for all patients with renal diagnoses of deficient fluid volume. Choice C is incorrect because abnormal x-ray findings of the renal pelvis do not necessarily indicate the need for a biopsy. Choice D is incorrect because biopsies are not often ordered for patients before they have symptoms or diagnostic indications of renal disorders.