ATI RN
Endocrine System Pediatrics Questions
Question 1 of 5
Measurement of hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) provides a mean for assessing long-term glycemic control for children with diabetes mellitus. In which of the following conditions this measurement is inaccurate for long-term glycemic control?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hemoglobinopathies (e.g., sickle cell disease) alter hemoglobin structure, making HgbA1c unreliable for glycemic control. Other conditions (A, B, C, E) may affect glucose metabolism but not HgbA1c accuracy directly.
Question 2 of 5
A 9-year-old boy develops secondary sexual characteristics manifested by the parents. Examination reveals an enlarged testis of 2.7 cm and presence of pubic and axillary hair. Hormonal assessment reveals increased level of testosterone and gonadotropins. Of the following, an important NEXT step in the management is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Precocious puberty with elevated gonadotropins suggests central precocious puberty; brain MRI is critical to rule out CNS lesions (e.g., tumors) as the cause, making it the next step over other options (A, B, C, E).
Question 3 of 5
A 12-year-old female adolescent is brought to the emergency room because of irritability, paresthesia, and seizure-like state after a psychological trauma. She is conscious with tachypnea and carpopedal spasm. Of the following, the MOST valuable test is the determination of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperventilation-induced respiratory alkalosis (from tachypnea) reduces ionized calcium, causing tetany (carpopedal spasm). Ionized calcium is the most valuable test, as total calcium (A) may be normal, and pH (C), albumin (D), and magnesium (E) are secondary.
Question 4 of 5
Cushing syndrome in children has many causes, either exogenous or endogenous. Of the following, the LEAST likely endogenous cause in children is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nodular adrenal hyperplasia is rare in children as an endogenous cause of Cushing syndrome, unlike adrenal tumors (A, B), pituitary microadenomas (D), or ectopic ACTH tumors (E), which are more common.
Question 5 of 5
Idiopathic familial hypercalciuria (IHC) is treated by
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Idiopathic familial hypercalciuria (IHC) is treated by normal calcium intake with low sodium and low oxalate intake to reduce stone risk, sometimes requiring potassium citrate or thiazides.