ATI RN
Pediatric Musculoskeletal Questions
Question 1 of 5
Matching: Kocher-Debré-Sémélaigne Syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kocher-Debré-Sémélaigne Syndrome is associated with hypothyroidism, featuring muscle hypertrophy and weakness. Other options are distinct metabolic or endocrine disorders.
Question 2 of 5
A 4-year-old child presents with symmetric weakness that began in the lower extremities and subsequently progressed over 10-14 days to involve the trunk and upper limbs. Deep tendon reflexes are absent. There are no sensory deficits or bowel or bladder dysfunction. Nerve conduction velocity test results are abnormal. The cerebrospinal fluid shows protein of 78 mg/dL and 5 white blood cells /μL. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Guillain-Barré syndrome is indicated by progressive symmetric weakness, absent reflexes, abnormal nerve conduction, and CSF with elevated protein but few cells (albuminocytologic dissociation).
Question 3 of 5
In-toeing gait most commonly results from excessive femoral anteversion. Of the following, the TRUE statements is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Excessive femoral anteversion is more common in girls, patellas point inward (not outward), and diagnosis is clinical, not typically by CT. Treatment is usually observation as it often resolves spontaneously.
Question 4 of 5
Scoliosis is a complex 3-dimensional spinal deformity that is defined in the coronal plane as a curve of at least 10 degrees, measured by the Cobb method, on a posteroanterior (PA) radiograph of the spine. Which statement is TRUE about this disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: AIS is more common in females (A is false), inheritance patterns are not 50% (B is incorrect), and melatonin levels are not consistently high (C is wrong). About one-third of girls with AIS have osteopenia.
Question 5 of 5
All the following are indications for external fixation in pediatric fractures EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fractures with head injuries and spasticity are not a standard indication for external fixation; the others require stabilization due to soft-tissue compromise.