Match the following treatment with its disorder- a. hyperthyroidism 1. Adrenal gland blockers, b. hypothyroidism 2. Iron rich drugs, c. goiter 3. levothyroxine, d. adrenal tumors 4. Beta blockers

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hyperthyroidism uses beta blockers (4) to manage symptoms (e.g., tachycardia); hypothyroidism requires levothyroxine (3) for hormone replacement; goiter may involve iron-rich drugs (2) if anemia-related, though iodine is typical; adrenal tumors (e.g., pheochromocytoma) use adrenal blockers (1) like alpha-blockers. The match 'a-4 b-3 c-2 d-1' aligns treatments to disorders, distinguishing therapeutic specificity, critical for endocrine management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is stored and released by the posterior pituitary, synthesized in the hypothalamus, regulating water balance. FSH, LH, and ACTH (follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, adrenocorticotropic hormones) are anterior pituitary products, driving reproduction and adrenal function. Posterior pituitary doesn't synthesize ADH's hypothalamic origin and storage role distinguish it, key to neurohypophyseal function, unlike anterior glandular outputs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Negative feedback regulates most hormones (e.g., cortisol inhibits ACTH), reducing secretion when levels suffice, maintaining homeostasis. Positive feedback (e.g., oxytocin in labor) amplifies, rare in endocrine control. Hormone-receptor complexes mediate effects, not regulation. Hormone-gene complexes influence steroid action, not feedback. Negative feedback's inhibitory loop distinguishes it, critical for stability, unlike amplifying or mechanistic options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hormone binding alters membrane permeability (e.g., ion channels), activates/inactivates enzymes (e.g., cAMP pathways), and stimulates mitosis (e.g., growth hormone) all typical. Cellular mutations, DNA damage events, aren't standard hormone effects. This absence distinguishes normal signaling, critical for physiological responses, contrasting with pathological changes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Alpha cells secrete glucagon, targeting the liver to raise blood glucose via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Melatonin is pineal, calcitonin thyroid-derived, and glucagon's kidney role is secondary. Liver targeting distinguishes glucagon's function, vital for glucose homeostasis, contrasting with sleep or calcium regulators.