Match the correct hormone pair that have antagonistic effects?

Correct Answer: a

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Calcitonin-parathyroid hormone. 1. Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone breakdown, while parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium levels by stimulating bone breakdown. 2. This hormone pair directly opposes each other in regulating blood calcium levels. 3. Choices B, C, and D do not involve hormones with antagonistic effects on the same physiological process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Graves' disease. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to overproduction of thyroid hormones, causing hyperthyroidism. This is characterized by symptoms such as weight loss, increased heart rate, and anxiety. Cushing syndrome (A) is caused by excess cortisol, not thyroid hormones. Addison's disease (C) is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. ADH hypersecretion (D) refers to excessive production of antidiuretic hormone, not thyroid hormones. Therefore, the correct answer is Graves' disease due to its direct association with hyperthyroidism.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. TSH stands for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. 2. TSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. 3. It stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, not calcitonin. 4. It is not secreted by the neurohypophysis or stimulate the hypothalamus to secrete TRH. Therefore, choice D is correct as it accurately describes the function and origin of TSH.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Insulin is responsible for lowering blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake by cells. 2. Hypersecretion of insulin would lead to increased glucose uptake, decreasing blood sugar levels, not causing hyperglycemia. 3. Cortisol, growth hormone, and epinephrine can all contribute to hyperglycemia by increasing blood sugar levels through various mechanisms. 4. Therefore, insulin is the least likely hormone to cause hyperglycemia due to its role in lowering blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because oxytocin is not a hormone of the anterior pituitary gland; it is produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. ACTH, prolactin, and TSH are indeed hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Choice B is incorrect because cortisol and aldosterone are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal glands, not the gonads. Testosterone is a hormone produced by the gonads. Choice C is correct as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone are indeed secretions of the gonads - estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries and testosterone from the testes. Choice D is incorrect because calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, but T3 and T4 are thyroid hormones, not hormones secreted by the thyroid gland.