Mastectomy is usually recommended for which women?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Those who have multiple tumors in the breast in several quadrants. Mastectomy is usually recommended for patients with multiple tumors in several quadrants to ensure complete removal of all cancerous tissue. This choice is correct because it addresses the need for more extensive surgery to effectively treat the cancer. A: Those who have not had radiation to the breast - Incorrect, as radiation history is not the sole determinant for recommending mastectomy. C: Those with no extensive DCIS - Incorrect, as the presence of DCIS alone may not warrant a mastectomy. D: Those with a small tumor compared to breast volume - Incorrect, as tumor size relative to breast volume is not the primary factor in determining the need for mastectomy in cases of multiple tumors in several quadrants.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Less interest in sex. Galactorrhea is the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast unassociated with childbirth or nursing. It is commonly caused by elevated levels of prolactin, which can suppress the production of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, leading to symptoms like decreased libido and less interest in sex. The other choices, A, B, and C, are incorrect because milky white discharge from nipples (A) is a symptom of galactorrhea, absence of menstrual periods (B) is more indicative of conditions like amenorrhea, and temperature intolerance (C) is not typically associated with galactorrhea.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because wearing a tight bra immediately after postmastectomy breast reconstruction is not recommended as it can restrict blood flow and cause discomfort. A is correct because avoiding trauma is important. C is correct because draining is necessary. D is correct because skin changes should be reported.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Answer C (Correct Answer): 1. Elevating the affected arm with pillows post-mastectomy helps reduce swelling and promote lymphatic drainage, aiding in preventing lymphedema. 2. By elevating the arm, it reduces strain on the surgical site and surrounding tissues, promoting comfort and aiding in the healing process. 3. This positioning also helps in preventing postoperative complications such as shoulder stiffness and contractures. Summary of Why Other Choices are Incorrect: - Choice A: While important aspects of preoperative teaching, it does not specifically address the need to elevate the affected arm post-mastectomy. - Choice B: Pain management is crucial, but it does not directly relate to the need for arm elevation post-mastectomy. - Choice D: Turning every 4 hours and coughing exercises are important for preventing complications but do not address the specific need for arm elevation post-mastectomy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because assessing vital signs and monitoring parenteral fluids are essential postoperative nursing actions to detect any signs of complications such as hemorrhage or fluid imbalance. This prioritizes the patient's physiological stability and safety. Elevating the affected arm (A) is important for comfort but not as immediate as monitoring vital signs. Monitoring for hemorrhage (C) is crucial but comes after ensuring the patient's physiological stability. Teaching relaxation techniques (D) is important for holistic care but is not as immediate as monitoring vital signs and fluid balance.