ATI RN
Review of Systems Neurological Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Mary frequently has an increase in seizures before her menstrual period. An intervention that may help to decrease Mary's seizures is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) decreasing fluid and salt intake. Explanation: Seizures in individuals with epilepsy can be triggered or exacerbated by various factors, including hormonal changes. In Mary's case, the increase in seizures before her menstrual period suggests a potential hormonal influence on her seizure activity. Fluid and salt intake can impact the body's electrolyte balance, which in turn can affect neuronal excitability. By decreasing fluid and salt intake, Mary may be able to stabilize her electrolyte levels, potentially reducing the likelihood or severity of her seizures. Why other options are wrong: A) Increasing exercise may be beneficial for overall health and well-being, but it is unlikely to directly impact hormonal fluctuations or seizure activity related to electrolyte imbalances. B) Avoiding cold or chilling is not directly linked to hormonal influences on seizures in the context of menstruation. C) While taking rest periods is important for managing stress and fatigue, it is unlikely to specifically address the physiological factors contributing to increased seizures before Mary's menstrual period. Educational context: Understanding the triggers and management strategies for seizures in individuals with epilepsy is crucial for healthcare providers, caregivers, and patients themselves. By identifying and addressing specific triggers like hormonal changes, individuals with epilepsy can better manage their condition and improve their quality of life. This case highlights the importance of considering individualized factors when developing seizure management plans.
Question 2 of 5
A graphic designer, who spends hours working on the computer, complains of a slight pain in her right hand. The client describes the pain to be more prominent at night and early in the morning. The condition is not yet serious. Which of the following measures should the nurse suggest to the designer to help alleviate the pain?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) Flexing the affected wrist. Graphic designers often experience hand pain due to prolonged hours of working on the computer, leading to repetitive strain injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome. Flexing the affected wrist helps to stretch and strengthen the muscles and tendons, improving circulation and reducing pain. This simple exercise can prevent further damage and alleviate discomfort. Option B) Shaking the affected hand may provide temporary relief by increasing blood flow, but it does not address the underlying issue of muscle strain and would not be as effective as targeted exercises like flexing the wrist. Option C) Using surgical intervention is not appropriate for a condition that is not serious and can often be managed through conservative measures like exercises and ergonomic adjustments. Option D) Applying physical therapy could be beneficial in the long term to address the pain and prevent further injury, but initially, simple exercises like flexing the wrist can be done at home without the need for formal physical therapy sessions. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to understand the common occupational hazards faced by individuals in certain professions, like graphic designers, and to be able to provide practical and effective recommendations to alleviate and prevent musculoskeletal issues related to their work activities. Educating clients on simple exercises they can incorporate into their daily routine empowers them to take control of their health and well-being.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following findings is common in clients with Paget's disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Paget's disease is a chronic bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone remodeling, leading to enlarged and weakened bones. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level is common in Paget's disease due to increased bone turnover. Alkaline phosphatase is released from osteoblasts during bone formation, so elevated levels indicate increased bone activity. Option B, decreased urinary hydroxyproline excretion, is not a common finding in Paget's disease. Hydroxyproline is a marker of collagen breakdown, not bone turnover, so it would not be expected to be decreased in Paget's disease. Option C, elevated leukocyte count, is not directly related to Paget's disease. The primary manifestation of Paget's disease is skeletal abnormalities, not alterations in leukocyte count. Option D, elevated creatinine level, is not typically associated with Paget's disease. Creatinine is a marker of kidney function and is not directly influenced by Paget's disease. Educationally, understanding the laboratory findings associated with various diseases is crucial for healthcare professionals to make accurate diagnoses and provide appropriate treatment. In the case of Paget's disease, recognizing the significance of elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels can aid in early detection and management of the condition.
Question 4 of 5
To which patient would you assign the nurse pulled from the PACU for the day?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) A 72-year-old patient with Paget's disease who has just returned from surgery for total knee replacement. The rationale behind this choice is that this patient requires specialized care and attention post-surgery due to the complexity of the procedure and the underlying Paget's disease, which can affect bone health and healing. The nurse pulled from the PACU, with experience in post-operative care and monitoring, is best suited to provide the necessary support and monitoring for this patient. Option A is incorrect because teaching prior to hyperbaric oxygen therapy for osteomyelitis does not require immediate post-operative care expertise. Option B is incorrect as the patient with osteomalacia being discharged to a long-term care facility would benefit more from a nurse specializing in long-term care transitions. Option C is incorrect as assessing knowledge of orthotic device use in a patient with osteoporosis does not require the expertise of a nurse from the PACU. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of matching nursing expertise with patient needs based on their specific conditions and care requirements. Understanding the role of nurses in different specialties and settings is crucial for providing optimal patient care and ensuring positive outcomes.
Question 5 of 5
To provide comfort to a client after a lumbar puncture, what step must the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) Position the client flat for at least three hours or as directed by the physician. After a lumbar puncture, it is crucial to prevent complications such as postural headaches caused by a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Keeping the client flat helps in preventing leakage of cerebrospinal fluid and reduces the risk of headaches and discomfort. Option B is incorrect because a well-lighted room and soothing music may not directly address the physiological needs of the client post-lumbar puncture. Option C is incorrect as ambulation and leg exercises can increase intracranial pressure and potentially lead to complications. Option D is incorrect as providing reading material does not address the immediate post-procedure care required after a lumbar puncture. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to understand the importance of proper positioning after a lumbar puncture to ensure the well-being and comfort of the client. This knowledge is crucial in preventing complications and promoting optimal recovery post-procedure.