Maritess was recently diagnosed with a genitourinary problem and is being examined in the emergency department. When palpating the her kidneys, the nurse should keep which anatomical fact in mind?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the left kidney is typically positioned slightly higher than the right one due to the space occupied by the liver on the right side. This anatomical fact is crucial for accurate palpation. Choice B is incorrect because the kidneys are actually located above the waist, not just above the adrenal glands. Choice C is incorrect as the average kidney size is around 11-14 cm long and 5-7.5 cm wide. Choice D is incorrect as the kidneys are located lower, between the 12th thoracic and the 3rd lumbar vertebrae.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 95 mm Hg. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is calculated using the formula MAP = ((2 x diastolic) + systolic) / 3. Plugging in the values from the blood pressure measurement (diastolic 80, systolic 126), we get MAP = ((2 x 80) + 126) / 3 = (160 + 126) / 3 = 286 / 3 = 95 mm Hg. This calculation provides an accurate representation of the average pressure in the arteries during one cardiac cycle. The other choices are incorrect because they do not align with the correct formula or calculation for determining MAP.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreases inflammation. Colchicine is used in the treatment of gout because it inhibits the inflammatory response that occurs during gout flare-ups. It works by disrupting the inflammatory process, particularly by inhibiting the migration of neutrophils to the affected area. This reduces the inflammation, pain, and swelling associated with gout attacks. Explanation of other choices: A: Replaces estrogen - This is incorrect because colchicine does not have any role in replacing estrogen in the body. B: Decreases infection - This is incorrect because colchicine does not have any direct effect on fighting infections. D: Decreases bone demineralization - This is incorrect because colchicine is not used to treat bone-related conditions such as osteoporosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Performing capillary glucose testing every 4 hours is crucial preoperatively for a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy because the surgery can cause alterations in glucose levels due to stress response and potential pituitary dysfunction. Monitoring glucose levels helps prevent complications like hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Testing for ketones in the urine (A) is not specific to glucose levels. Testing urine specific gravity (B) is not as relevant for monitoring glucose levels. Checking temperature every 4 hours (C) is important but not directly related to potential complications from the surgery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fat embolism. In this scenario, a 67-year-old client with acute shortness of breath and hypoxia after a right femur fracture is likely experiencing a fat embolism. Fat embolism occurs when fat globules enter the bloodstream, often following long bone fractures. These fat globules can travel to the lungs and cause respiratory distress. Asthma attack (A), atelectasis (B), and bronchitis (C) are less likely in this case as they do not typically present acutely following a femur fracture.