Mang Carlos has been terminally ill for 5 years. He asked his wife to decide for him when he is no longer capable to do so. As a Nurse, You know that this is called:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Durable Power of Attorney. In this scenario, a durable power of attorney is a legal document that allows an individual (in this case, Mang Carlos' wife) to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the patient when they are no longer able to do so themselves. This document only becomes effective when the patient is incapacitated and unable to make decisions. Option A) Last will and testament is a document that outlines how a person's assets should be distributed after their death. It does not give the authority to make healthcare decisions. Option B) DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) is a medical order that instructs healthcare providers not to perform CPR if a patient's heart stops beating or if they stop breathing. It is not related to decision-making while the patient is still alive. Option C) Living will is a legal document that allows individuals to state their preferences for end-of-life medical care if they become unable to communicate. While similar to a durable power of attorney, a living will specifically outlines the type of care a person wishes to receive rather than appointing someone to make decisions on their behalf. In an educational context, understanding the differences between these legal documents is crucial for healthcare professionals to advocate for their patients' wishes and ensure appropriate care is provided in accordance with their preferences. Nurses play a key role in supporting patients and their families in navigating these complex decisions, emphasizing the importance of advanced care planning and legal documentation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) advance training. In the context of pharmacology education, attending a certification on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as part of advance training is essential for healthcare professionals to enhance their skills and knowledge in emergency situations. This training goes beyond basic CPR knowledge and delves deeper into advanced techniques and protocols specific to cardiopulmonary emergencies. Option A) professional course towards credits may not accurately describe the CPR certification, as it is more focused on practical skills rather than earning credits. Option B) inservice education typically refers to training provided within a specific healthcare facility, which may not fully capture the comprehensive nature of CPR certification. Option D) continuing education is a broader term encompassing various professional development activities and may not specifically address the advanced and specialized nature of CPR training. In an educational context, understanding the distinction between basic CPR training and advanced training is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide high-quality care in emergency situations. Advanced training equips them with the necessary skills to handle complex scenarios effectively, ultimately improving patient outcomes and safety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the Philippines, only registered nurses who have passed the licensure examination conducted by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) are legally allowed to work as practicing nurses. Option C, expert nurse clinicians hired by prestigious hospitals, is the correct answer because these nurses would have already gone through the necessary licensing process to practice in the country. They would have met the educational and competency requirements set by the PRC, ensuring they have the knowledge and skills needed to provide safe and competent care to patients. The other options are incorrect: A) Internationally well-known experts who provide services for a fee do not automatically have the authorization to practice nursing in the Philippines. Without passing the local licensure examination, they cannot legally work as nurses. B) Being hired by local hospitals in the country does not exempt nurses from taking the licensure examination. All nurses, regardless of where they are employed, must be licensed to practice. D) Those involved in medical missions who provide free services are still required to pass the licensure examination to practice as nurses in the Philippines. Engaging in charitable work does not waive the legal requirement of obtaining a nursing license. This question highlights the importance of licensure in ensuring that healthcare professionals meet the necessary standards to provide quality care to patients. It underscores the legal and ethical responsibilities of nurses to practice within the scope of their licensure to safeguard public health and well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D: Finish the bed bath quickly then rush to the client in Pain. The rationale behind this choice is prioritization of care. When a client is in pain, it is crucial to address their needs promptly to provide comfort and alleviate suffering. By finishing the current task quickly, you can then attend to the client in pain without delay, showing empathy and responsiveness to their needs. Option A is incorrect because while it addresses safety measures like raising side rails and putting the call bell within reach, it does not prioritize the immediate need of the client in pain. Option B is incorrect as nursing assistants typically do not administer medications without direct authorization from the nurse. Option C is also incorrect as it neglects the urgency of the situation and does not provide appropriate care for the client in pain. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of time management, prioritization, and swift response to emergent situations in nursing practice. It emphasizes the need to assess and address clients' needs promptly to ensure their well-being and comfort.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Push instead of pull. This principle of proper body mechanics is essential to prevent injury and strain on the muscles. When pushing an object, the nurse can use larger muscle groups and distribute the force more evenly, reducing the risk of muscle strain. Option A) Broaden the space between the feet is incorrect because maintaining a wide base of support by keeping the feet shoulder-width apart is a key principle of proper body mechanics to enhance stability and balance while lifting or moving objects. Option C) Moving the object away from the body when lifting is incorrect because the object should be kept close to the body to reduce the strain on the back and muscles, promoting proper alignment and reducing the risk of injury. Option D) Bend at the waist, not on the knees is incorrect because bending at the waist increases the strain on the lower back, while bending at the knees helps to maintain a more neutral spine position and reduces the risk of back injuries during lifting. Educational context: Nurses and healthcare professionals often engage in activities that require lifting and moving patients or heavy objects. Understanding and applying proper body mechanics principles are crucial to prevent musculoskeletal injuries and promote long-term physical well-being in the healthcare setting. By practicing correct techniques, nurses can ensure their own safety and provide better quality care to patients.