Management of a child with measles includes the administration of which of the following?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Antibiotic to prevent pneumonia. Measles can lead to secondary bacterial infections like pneumonia, making antibiotics crucial to prevent complications. Choice A is incorrect as Gentian violet is not recommended for mouth lesions in measles. Choice C is incorrect as Tetracycline eye ointment is not indicated for corneal opacity in measles. Choice D is incorrect as giving Retinol capsules is not a standard management for measles. Antibiotics are essential to prevent and treat bacterial infections associated with measles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pinworm. Scotch tape swab is used to check for the presence of pinworm eggs around the anal area. The sticky side of the tape picks up the eggs which can then be examined under a microscope. Ascaris, Hookworm, and Schistosoma do not typically involve the detection of eggs using this method, making them incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because clients who are relapses or failures of previous PTB treatment regimens are considered targets for DOTS category. These clients require a more structured and supervised treatment approach to ensure successful treatment outcomes. Choice A is incorrect because sputum negative cavitary cases are not typically targeted for DOTS category as they may not present the same level of treatment complexity as relapses or failures. Choice B is incorrect because clients returning after default may also require DOTS intervention, but they are not specifically categorized as targets for DOTS category. Choice D is incorrect because clients diagnosed for the first time through a positive sputum exam may not necessarily need the same level of supervision and support as relapses or failures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thickened painful nerves. Early sign of leprosy includes thickened painful nerves due to inflammation and damage to the peripheral nerves caused by the bacteria. This is known as leprosy's hallmark symptom, which is crucial for diagnosis. Macular lesions (A) and sinking of the nose bridge (D) are more commonly associated with other skin conditions or nasal deformities, not specific to leprosy. Inability to close eyelids (B) is a late sign of leprosy known as lagophthalmos, occurring after nerve damage has progressed significantly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver cirrhosis. Schistosomiasis is caused by parasitic worms that infect the liver, leading to inflammation and scarring, which can progress to cirrhosis. This chronic liver damage is the most common cause of death associated with schistosomiasis in the Philippines. A: Liver cancer may develop as a complication of cirrhosis caused by schistosomiasis, but it is not the most frequent cause of death associated with the disease. C: Bladder cancer is associated with chronic infection of the urinary tract caused by schistosomiasis, but it is not the most common cause of death. D: Intestinal perforation can occur in severe cases of intestinal schistosomiasis, but it is not the most frequent cause of death compared to liver cirrhosis.