Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines which of the core public health functions?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assurance. Assurance involves ensuring essential community-oriented health services are available, accessible, and of high quality. This function focuses on making sure the necessary health services are provided to the community. Policy development (A) involves creating health policies, assessment (B) involves collecting and analyzing data to understand health issues, and scientific knowledge-based care (D) focuses on evidence-based healthcare delivery, but these functions do not specifically address the availability of essential community-oriented health services.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the Constitution grants the federal government the power to promote the general welfare through initiatives like healthcare. This power is outlined in Article I, Section 8, known as the General Welfare Clause. This clause allows the federal government to provide for the well-being of its citizens. This involvement in healthcare is not due to states asking for intervention (choice A) or rising costs to states (choice B). While standardizing care on a national level (choice D) may be a potential benefit, the primary reason for federal involvement is rooted in the Constitution's authorization to promote the general welfare.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because nursing students are expected to meet the same standard of care as professional nurses. This is important to ensure patient safety and quality care. Choice A is incorrect because students are not considered certified until they obtain licensure. Choice C is incorrect because students are still legally responsible for their own actions even when under the supervision of their instructor. Choice D is incorrect because the scope of practice for nursing students is typically determined by the educational institution and their clinical preceptor, not solely by the nurse practice act.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because ideal primary health care should be essential, accessible, affordable, and available to all community members. It should empower individuals to take control of their health through self-management. This approach promotes community well-being and preventive care, addressing health needs at the grassroots level. A is incorrect because primary health care is not solely based on a multidisciplinary team but also on community involvement. C is incorrect as primary health care should not only focus on enrolled individuals but on the entire community. D is incorrect as local efforts should align with the principles of primary health care, but the focus should be on community accessibility and self-management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it aligns with the Affordable Care Act provisions that aim to increase access to affordable health insurance for low-income populations. This assumption is supported by the act's Medicaid expansion and subsidies for purchasing insurance through exchanges. Option A is incorrect as it assumes a shortage of primary care providers, which may not necessarily be the case. Option B is incorrect as Medicare is typically for older adults, not low-income populations. Option C is incorrect as the Affordable Care Act actually expanded access to healthcare for many low-income individuals.