Major inorganic components of vertebrate bone are

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary inorganic component of vertebrate bone is calcium phosphate (in the form of hydroxyapatite), providing strength and rigidity. Calcium carbonate is minor, potassium hydroxide isn’t a bone component, and ‘none of the above’ is incorrect since calcium phosphate is present.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (ribs and sternum), which protect vital organs like the heart and lungs. The girdles (pectoral and pelvic) are part of the appendicular skeleton, not the axial, making 'thoracic cage' the correct addition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The plural of 'foramen' (Latin for hole) is 'foramina,' following Latin grammatical rules, as seen in terms like 'foramen magnum.' 'Foramens' is an incorrect Anglicized plural.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Longitudinal ligaments run lengthwise along the vertebral column (e.g., anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments), stabilizing the vertebrae vertically. Transverse is crosswise, and oblique is diagonal—neither matches 'longitudinal.'

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The pectoral girdle, part of the appendicular skeleton, consists of the clavicle and scapula, supporting the shoulder and upper limbs. 'Upper' is descriptive but not the anatomical term.