Major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms include either depressed mood or loss of interest in nearly all activities; it`s severity is variable. Of the following, the LEAST likely symptoms that are seen in mild cases of MDD is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) change in appetite with or without weight changes. In mild cases of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), individuals may not necessarily experience significant changes in appetite or weight. This symptom is more commonly associated with moderate to severe cases of MDD. Option A) irritability and Option B) restlessness are often seen in mild cases of MDD as individuals may exhibit increased irritability or restlessness due to their underlying depressive symptoms. Option C) boredom is also a common symptom in mild cases of MDD, as individuals may struggle to find enjoyment or interest in activities they once found pleasurable. Educationally, understanding the varying severity of symptoms in MDD is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working with pediatric populations. Recognizing the nuances of symptom presentation can aid in early detection, appropriate intervention, and improved outcomes for children and adolescents struggling with mental health issues. By differentiating between symptoms commonly seen in different severity levels of MDD, healthcare providers can provide more targeted and effective care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Conduct disorder in childhood and adolescence is a serious behavioral and emotional disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of violating the rights of others or societal norms. Marital discord within the home is NOT directly associated with conduct disorder. Option A, antisocial behavior, is typically present in individuals with conduct disorder as they often exhibit aggressive and deceitful behavior. Option B, criminality in the father, can be a risk factor for the development of conduct disorder due to genetic and environmental influences. Option C, physical abuse, is a known risk factor for conduct disorder as children who experience abuse are more likely to exhibit disruptive behaviors. In an educational context, understanding the risk factors and associations with conduct disorder is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. By recognizing these factors, healthcare providers can intervene early, provide appropriate support, and potentially mitigate the long-term negative outcomes associated with conduct disorder. It is essential to differentiate between normal child behavior and behavior that may indicate a more serious underlying issue requiring intervention and support.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children is crucial for providing comprehensive care. In this question, the correct answer is A) smart students. The rationale behind this is that being a "smart student" is not a risk factor for developing psychiatric disorders. In fact, children who excel academically do not have a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders compared to the general population of children. On the other hand, options B) head trauma, C) mental retardation, and D) epilepsy are all conditions that can increase the risk of developing psychiatric disorders in children. Head trauma can lead to changes in behavior and mood, increasing the likelihood of psychiatric issues. Mental retardation is often associated with co-occurring psychiatric disorders due to cognitive and emotional challenges. Epilepsy, a neurological condition, can also be linked to psychiatric comorbidities. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing risk factors for psychiatric disorders in children. It emphasizes that while certain conditions may predispose children to mental health issues, academic performance alone is not a determining factor. This knowledge equips nurses to assess and support children's mental well-being comprehensively, considering both medical and psychological aspects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric mental health, it is crucial for nurses to have a deep understanding of different disorders to provide effective care. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). The correct answer, D) a need for sameness, is not typically associated with OCD but is more commonly seen in conditions like autism spectrum disorder. People with OCD often experience intrusive thoughts that cause anxiety, leading them to perform compulsive behaviors to alleviate that anxiety. Option A) overconcern with body wastes is a common obsession in OCD, where individuals may have excessive fears related to contamination and cleanliness. Option B) prior group A streptococcal infection is associated with a condition called Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS), which can manifest as OCD symptoms. Option C) excessive fears is also characteristic of OCD, as individuals may have irrational fears that drive their compulsive behaviors. Understanding these nuances is crucial in differentiating between various pediatric mental health disorders and providing appropriate care to patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) leukemia. Children who grow up on farms have been found to have elevated rates of leukemia compared to children who do not live on farms. This is due to their increased exposure to various environmental factors such as pesticides, herbicides, and other chemicals used in farming which have been linked to an increased risk of developing leukemia. Option A) mesothelioma is incorrect because mesothelioma is primarily associated with exposure to asbestos, which is not commonly found on farms where children grow up. Option C) skin tumor is incorrect because while sun exposure on farms may increase the risk of skin cancer, it is not the most commonly elevated cancer type among children growing up on farms. Option D) lymphoma is incorrect because although some studies have suggested a possible association between farming environments and lymphoma, the strongest link is with leukemia. In an educational context, understanding the increased risks of certain cancers in specific environments, such as farms, is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric populations. By knowing the potential risks associated with farming environments, healthcare providers can educate families on preventive measures and early detection strategies to mitigate these risks and protect children's health.