Major depression is characterized by

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Major depression is a serious mental health condition that is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and disinterest in activities. The correct answer is D) hypersomnia, which refers to excessive sleepiness or increased time spent sleeping. This is a common symptom of major depression, where individuals may experience difficulty getting out of bed or feel the need to sleep excessively. Option A) weight loss is not typically a defining characteristic of major depression, as some individuals may actually gain weight due to changes in appetite and eating habits associated with depression. Option B) weight gain is also not a primary symptom of major depression, although some individuals may use food as a coping mechanism leading to weight gain. Option C) insomnia is a common symptom of major depression, but it is not the defining characteristic. While individuals with depression may experience difficulty falling or staying asleep, hypersomnia is more indicative of major depression. In an educational context, understanding the specific symptoms of major depression is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses, who may encounter children and adolescents experiencing mental health issues. Recognizing the signs of major depression, such as hypersomnia, can aid in early identification, intervention, and support for young patients struggling with this condition. By providing appropriate care and resources, pediatric nurses can help improve the mental health outcomes of children and adolescents with major depression.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of a potential terrorist attack causing delayed onset respiratory symptoms, the correct choice of antibiotic should cover anthrax, plague, and tularemia, which are potential bioterrorism agents. Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against these pathogens. Rifampin, option B, is not effective against anthrax and tularemia, making it an incorrect choice. Vancomycin, option C, is not effective against anthrax, plague, or tularemia, so it is not a suitable choice in this scenario. Ampicillin, option D, is not effective against anthrax, plague, or tularemia, making it an incorrect choice as well. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate selection of antibiotics in bioterrorism scenarios is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses who may encounter such situations. This question emphasizes the importance of rapid decision-making and knowledge of specific antibiotics effective against potential bioterrorism agents to ensure timely and appropriate treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) rye. Early introduction of allergenic foods like fish, egg, and meat has been shown to decrease the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis in children. However, rye is not typically associated with reducing the risk of these conditions through early introduction. Educationally, understanding the impact of early introduction of allergenic foods on pediatric health is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses. It allows them to provide evidence-based guidance to parents on feeding practices for their children. By knowing which foods can decrease the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis, nurses can play a vital role in promoting preventive care and overall well-being in pediatric populations. This knowledge empowers nurses to support parents in making informed decisions about their children's diet and potentially reducing the incidence of these conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) skin tests. Skin tests are the best method for detecting allergens in pediatric patients because they are highly sensitive and specific. Skin testing involves introducing a small amount of allergen into the skin and observing for a localized reaction, such as redness or swelling, indicating an allergic response. This method is quick, cost-effective, and provides immediate results, making it ideal for diagnosing allergies in children. Option B) serum immune assay for specific IgE is a blood test that measures the levels of specific IgE antibodies to allergens. While this test can also help identify allergens, it is not as sensitive as skin testing, especially in children. Blood tests may yield false positives or false negatives, leading to potential misdiagnosis. Option C) nasal smear study involves examining nasal secretions for eosinophils, which are a type of white blood cell associated with allergic inflammation. While this test can be useful in certain cases, it is not the primary method for detecting allergens and may not provide as accurate results as skin testing. Option D) eosinophilia in blood film refers to an increased number of eosinophils in the bloodstream, which can indicate an allergic reaction. However, eosinophilia is a nonspecific finding and can be caused by various conditions other than allergies. Therefore, relying solely on eosinophilia in the blood film is not the most accurate or reliable method for detecting allergens in pediatric patients. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to understand the various methods available for detecting allergens in children. By knowing the strengths and limitations of each diagnostic test, nurses can work collaboratively with healthcare providers to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of pediatric patients with allergies. Skin testing remains the gold standard for allergen detection in children due to its reliability, specificity, and efficiency.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the management of severe asthma exacerbations in pediatric patients, the MOST vital initial treatment is the administration of inhaled B-agonists. This is the correct answer (option B) because B-agonists, such as albuterol, work by quickly relaxing the airway smooth muscles, providing rapid relief of bronchospasm and improving airflow. This is crucial in managing acute asthma attacks and preventing respiratory failure. Supplemental oxygen (option A) may be necessary for patients with severe asthma exacerbations, but it is not the MOST vital initial treatment. Oxygen therapy is usually provided alongside bronchodilators like B-agonists. Intramuscular injection of epinephrine (option C) is not recommended as a first-line treatment for severe asthma exacerbations in children. Epinephrine is primarily used in managing anaphylaxis, not asthma. Inhaled ipratropium (option D) is another bronchodilator that can be used in conjunction with B-agonists in the treatment of asthma exacerbations, but it is not the MOST vital initial treatment. B-agonists are preferred due to their rapid onset of action and effectiveness in relieving bronchospasm. Educationally, it is essential for pediatric nurses to understand the priority interventions in managing acute asthma exacerbations to provide timely and effective care. By recognizing the importance of inhaled B-agonists as the initial treatment, nurses can help stabilize pediatric patients experiencing severe asthma attacks and prevent further respiratory compromise. Understanding the rationale behind treatment choices is crucial for delivering safe and evidence-based pediatric care.