Maintaining adequate nutrition for the patient during chemotherapy is often problematic because of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. Which of the following nursing measures would be most effective in combating nutritional depletion?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of a patient undergoing chemotherapy experiencing nausea, vomiting, and anorexia, the most effective nursing measure to combat nutritional depletion is option D: Offer snack supplements and frequent small feedings. This option is correct because providing snack supplements and frequent small feedings can help the patient maintain adequate caloric intake despite experiencing nausea and anorexia. By offering small, easily digestible meals and snacks throughout the day, the patient can receive essential nutrients without overwhelming their digestive system, thus preventing severe nutritional depletion. Option A is incorrect because reducing food intake can further exacerbate the issue of nutritional depletion, especially during the critical period following chemotherapy. Increasing fluids alone will not address the patient's need for essential nutrients. Option B is incorrect because during leukopenia (low white blood cell count), a high-caloric, low-protein diet is not recommended. Instead, patients with leukopenia should follow a well-balanced diet to support overall health and immune function. Option C, weighing the patient three times a week, is important for monitoring changes in weight but does not directly address the issue of combating nutritional depletion during chemotherapy. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the challenges cancer patients face during chemotherapy and how to support their nutritional needs effectively. Providing small, nutrient-dense meals and snacks can significantly impact the patient's ability to maintain adequate nutrition and support their overall well-being during treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of the Biology of the Human Reproductive System exam, the correct answer to the question regarding sentinel lymph node mapping is A) Lymphedema. Sentinel lymph node mapping is a procedure commonly used in cancer treatment to identify the first lymph node to which a tumor drains. By identifying and removing this specific node, the risk of lymphedema, which is a condition characterized by swelling due to the accumulation of lymph fluid, is significantly reduced. Option B) Excessive scarring is not directly related to sentinel lymph node mapping. While any surgical procedure carries a risk of scarring, this technique is primarily focused on reducing the risk of lymphedema rather than scarring. Option C) Cellulitis is also not directly impacted by sentinel lymph node mapping. Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin and underlying tissues, which can occur due to various reasons but is not specifically influenced by this mapping technique. Providing this educational context is crucial for students to understand the rationale behind the correct answer choice and to differentiate it from the distractors. Understanding the purpose and implications of medical procedures is essential for students pursuing careers in biology, medicine, or related fields to make informed decisions and provide accurate information to patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, "Side effects of drug therapy," is the correct answer as the primary cause of the client's erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction can be a side effect of various medications, including those used to treat conditions like high blood pressure, depression, anxiety, and prostate cancer. These drugs can impact blood flow or nerve impulses necessary for achieving and maintaining an erection. Option A, "Obsessive compulsive disorder," is incorrect because OCD is a mental health condition unrelated to erectile dysfunction. Option B, "Complications of STIs," is also incorrect as while some STIs can cause sexual health issues, they are not a common cause of erectile dysfunction. Option D, "Spinal stenosis," is incorrect as it is a condition affecting the spinal cord, not directly related to erectile dysfunction. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the various factors that can contribute to erectile dysfunction to provide accurate information and appropriate treatment to clients experiencing such issues. Educating clients about the potential side effects of medication is essential for informed decision-making and proactive management of their health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the most immediate need for nursing intervention is option D) The client complains of painful bladder spasms. This is the correct answer because painful bladder spasms after a TURP with CBI can indicate bladder irritability or potential complications like urinary retention or infection. Immediate assessment and intervention are crucial to prevent further complications. Option A) The client stating a continuous urge to void is a common symptom with CBI and may not indicate an urgent need for intervention as the bladder may be continuously filling and emptying due to irrigation. Option B) Light pink catheter drainage with occasional clots is expected after a TURP procedure and does not indicate an immediate need for intervention unless there is a sudden increase in bleeding. Option C) The catheter being pulled taut and taped to the client's thigh is also not an immediate concern unless it is causing undue tension on the catheter or skin. In an educational context, understanding the post-TURP care, including monitoring for complications like painful bladder spasms, is essential for nurses caring for these patients. Prompt recognition and intervention can prevent serious complications and promote positive patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is to implement option A, which is to remove the client's tampon first. This is crucial in the case of a suspected toxic shock syndrome (TSS) due to the potential source of infection being the tampon. Removing the tampon is the most immediate and direct action to stop the source of potential infection and prevent further complications associated with TSS. It is a critical step in managing the condition and takes precedence over other interventions. Obtaining blood cultures from two sites (Option B) is important to identify the causative organism but is not as urgent as removing the source of infection. Giving O2 at 6 L/minute (Option C) and infusing nafcillin (Unipen) 500 mg IV (Option D) are also important interventions but addressing the source of infection by removing the tampon takes priority. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of prioritizing interventions in emergency situations based on the immediate needs of the client. It emphasizes the significance of prompt action in addressing potential life-threatening conditions like toxic shock syndrome. Students can learn the critical thinking skills needed to prioritize care effectively in such high-stress situations through this scenario.