Main symptom associated with retinal detachment is?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Retinal detachment occurs when the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, separates from its supportive tissue, risking permanent vision loss if untreated. The hallmark symptom is the sudden onset of flashing lights and floaters. Flashing lights, or photopsia, result from the retina being pulled or torn, stimulating photoreceptors and creating light perceptions. Floaters appear as spots or cobwebs drifting in the visual field, caused by vitreous gel detaching and casting shadows on the retina. As detachment progresses, a shadow or curtain may obscure vision, but early recognition hinges on these initial signs. Pain is absent because the retina lacks pain receptors; discomfort suggests other issues like infection. Elevated intraocular pressure relates to glaucoma, damaging the optic nerve, not detaching the retina. Drooping eyelids, or ptosis, stem from muscular or nerve issues, unrelated to retinal changes. Ophthalmological studies emphasize these visual phenomena as critical early warnings, distinguishing retinal detachment from conditions with different mechanisms, urging prompt medical attention to preserve sight.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains blood vessels (for nutrition), nerves (for sensation), and glands, supporting skin function. The epidermis is avascular, lacking vessels/nerves. The hypodermis has some vessels but is mainly fat. Stratum corneum , the epidermis's top, is dead cells. The dermis's vascular and neural richness, per skin anatomy, makes 'b' correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Flat bones, like cranial bones (e.g., parietal), are thin, broad, and protective, forming the skull's vault. Long bones are limbs (e.g., femur), short bones are wrist/ankle (e.g., carpals), and irregular bones are vertebrae. Flat bones' shape and protective role, per skeletal anatomy, make 'c' correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The sternum, or breastbone, is part of the axial skeleton, anchoring ribs to protect thoracic organs. Humerus and femur are appendicular (limbs). Scapula is pectoral girdle, appendicular. Sternum's axial role, per skeletal framework, makes 'c' correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The temporal bone houses the middle ear (e.g., ossicles), facilitating hearing/balance, via its petrous portion. It protects the brain partially, but ear housing is primary. Cheekbone is zygomatic, spine support is vertebral. Temporal's auditory role, per skull, makes 'b' correct.