Lung tumors are not always the result of smoking a

Question 1 of 5

Lung tumors are not always the result of smoking and also occur in nonsmokers. In whom are these tumors found in particular?

A. More often in men than in women B. More often in women than in men C. In both women and men equally D.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Non-smoking-related lung tumors, like adenocarcinoma, are more common in women due to genetic and environmental factors.

Question 2 of 5

Why is death by apoptosis a tidier way to die than via necrosis?

A. Apoptotic cells are destroyed by macrophages, preventing the release of cell contents into the tissues B. Necrotic cells are surrounded by a membrane, preventing the release of cell contents into the tissues C. Apoptotic cells release their contents into the tissues, causing inflammation and damage D.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Apoptosis is tidy as macrophages clear cells without leakage ; necrosis releases contents, causing inflammation (C is reversed).

Question 3 of 5

Select the statement that is true about the spleen

A. The spleen filters the lymph much the same way the lymph nodes filter the blood B. The spleen harbors eosinophils waiting for parasites to attack the body C. The spleen is the major site of red and white blood cell production in the adult D. The spleen filters the blood much the same way the lymph nodes filter the lymph

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The spleen filters blood, not lymph ; lymph nodes filter lymph (A reversed), eosinophils aren't spleen-specific, and adult blood production is in bone marrow.

Question 4 of 5

Given the enormous heterogeneity of antigen receptors expressed on the populations of naive B and T lymphocytes, the adaptive immune response relies on a process whereby the rare lymphocyte that binds to the antigen is first induced to proliferate, before it can perform its effector function. For B cells, there is a clever mechanism that ensures that the specificity of the antibody secreted by the plasma cell will recognize the same pathogen that initially stimulated the B cell antigen receptor and induced B cell proliferation. This mechanism is:

A. Naive B cells express a single BCR, secreting the same antibody as plasma cells B. The naive B cell expresses a single specificity of B cell antigen receptor, and then up-regulates the expression of this receptor so it can bind tightly to the pathogen C. The plasma cell proliferates after it has finished secreting antibody to generate more plasma cells with specificity for the pathogen D. The plasma cell traps secreted antibody molecules in its extracellular matrix and uses these antibodies to bind to the pathogen

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Naive B cells express a single BCR, secreting the same antibody as plasma cells ; multiple receptors , upregulation , or post-secretion proliferation don't occur.

Question 5 of 5

B cells express a complement receptor that binds to C3b cleavage products, such as iC3b and C3dg. When a B cell with an antigen receptor that specifically recognizes that pathogen also has its complement receptor stimulated because the pathogen is opsonized with these C3 fragments, B cell activation is greatly enhanced. This mechanism functions to:

A. Ensure that pathogens are readily detected by the adaptive immune system before they replicate to high levels in the host B. Prevent B cells from being activated in response to antigens that are not pathogens C. Allow B cells to phagocytose the pathogen and help destroy it D. Induce increased rounds of B cell replication to make more pathogen-specific B cells

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Complement enhances B-cell detection of pathogens early ; not prevention , phagocytosis , or just replication .

Lung tumors are not always the result of smoking and also occur in nonsmokers. In whom are these tumors found in particular?

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