ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Assessment 2 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Local vasoconstriction is of short duration and can be prolonged by application of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thromboxane is a vasoconstrictor that is released by platelets during the process of blood clotting. Local vasoconstriction is a temporary response that occurs to reduce bleeding at the site of injury. Thromboxane plays a role in this process by constricting the blood vessels temporarily to limit blood flow to the injured area. By prolonging the application of thromboxane, vasoconstriction can be prolonged to support the clotting process and minimize bleeding. Adrenaline, steroids, heparin, and thrombin do not have the same vasoconstrictive properties as thromboxane.
Question 2 of 5
The following drugs are most commonly associated with nephrotoxicity:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gentamicin is associated with nephrotoxicity, particularly when administered in high doses or for prolonged periods.
Question 3 of 5
What does a patient need to avoid while taking Angiotensin-converting enzymes?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients taking Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should avoid salt substitutes, foods high in potassium, and foods high in sodium. Salt substitutes often contain potassium chloride, which may cause an increase in potassium levels when combined with ACE inhibitors. Foods high in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, spinach, and potatoes, can also potentially elevate potassium levels when consumed in large amounts. Additionally, foods high in sodium can counteract the effects of ACE inhibitors in managing blood pressure. Therefore, it is important for patients on ACE inhibitors to be mindful of their intake of salt substitutes, high-potassium foods, and high-sodium foods to ensure the effectiveness of their medication and to prevent any potential complications.
Question 4 of 5
A client is prescribed prednisone for rheumatoid arthritis. Which side effect should the nurse teach the client to report immediately?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prednisone, a corticosteroid, manages inflammation but risks serious side effects. Blurred vision may signal glaucoma or cataracts, ocular emergencies requiring immediate reporting to prevent vision loss. Increased appetite and weight gain are common, manageable effects of cortisol excess. Mood swings occur due to CNS effects but are less urgent unless severe. Blurred vision stands out as a rare but critical adverse reaction, linked to prednisone's long-term impact on intraocular pressure or lens opacity. Teaching this ensures early detection, aligning with corticosteroid monitoring where eye complications can escalate fast. Appetite, weight, and mood changes, while disruptive, don't match this urgency, making C the priority side effect for the client to report promptly.
Question 5 of 5
When monitoring a patient for signs of hypokalemia, the nurse looks for what early sign?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Muscle weakness is an early sign of hypokalemia. Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining proper muscle function, so low potassium levels can lead to muscle weakness and fatigue. As potassium is essential for nerve impulses and muscle contractions, a decrease in potassium can impair muscle strength and function. Therefore, when monitoring a patient for signs of hypokalemia, the nurse should look for muscle weakness as an early indicator. Seizures, cardiac dysrhythmias, and diarrhea are potential complications that can occur if hypokalemia is severe and left untreated.