Local anesthetics block nerve conduction by

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Local anesthetics prevent depolarization by blocking sodium channels leading to nerve impulse inhibition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's oversedation and spending the whole day dozing is a common side effect of Zolpidem, which is a sedative-hypnotic drug used for insomnia. Zolpidem is known to cause drowsiness and oversedation, especially in the elderly population. The patient taking a "sleeping pill" from a friend that he couldn't remember the name of is consistent with Zolpidem being the cause of his symptoms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Carbamazepine (choice D), an anticonvulsant, treats trigeminal neuralgia by stabilizing sodium channels, reducing nerve firing. Phenylbutazone (choice A), an NSAID, and Morphine (choice B), an opioid, aren't first-line. Atropine (choice C), an anticholinergic, is irrelevant. Carbamazepine is the standard therapy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tonic-clonic seizure. This type of seizure involves both tonic (muscle stiffness) and clonic (jerking movements) phases, which align with the patient's presentation of generalized body contractions followed by jerkiness of the arms and legs. Myoclonic seizures (A) involve brief, sudden muscle contractions. Absence seizures (B) are characterized by brief lapses in consciousness without convulsions. Psychomotor seizures (D) involve complex motor behaviors and altered consciousness, which do not match the patient's symptoms. Therefore, based on the description provided, the most fitting type of seizure is a tonic-clonic seizure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pyruvate dehydrogenase is impaired due to thiamine deficiency in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.