ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Book Questions
Question 1 of 5
Lithium is used to?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lithium is primarily used to stabilize mood and prevent manic episodes in individuals with bipolar disorder. It is a mood-stabilizing medication that helps to lessen the severity and frequency of manic episodes. Lithium is not used to lower blood glucose, slow the heart rate, or heal ulcers. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and have regular monitoring of lithium levels in the blood to ensure its effectiveness and prevent toxicity.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has been ordered the powdered form of the bile acid sequestrant colestipol. Which of the following does the nurse identify as true?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct statement is that the colestipol should be administered 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after any other oral medication. Bile acid sequestrants like colestipol can bind to other medications, reducing their absorption and effectiveness. Therefore, they should be taken separately from other medications to prevent any interactions. Additionally, colestipol should ideally be administered with meals to improve tolerability and adherence, although this was not one of the options given in the question.
Question 3 of 5
A 30-year-old male patient who is treated with haloperidol for his diagnosis of schizophrenia is considered to be well-managed symptomatically for his psychotic symptoms. However, he is reporting restlessness, the inability to sit still at the dinner table, and his family notices that he is pacing up and down the hallway frequently. Of the following, which is the best medication to treat this antipsychotic-induced akathisia?
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Haloperidol's D2 blockade causes akathisia—restlessness and pacing—as an EPS. Propranolol, a beta-blocker, reduces akathisia by modulating catecholamine activity, a first-line treatment per guidelines, unlike anticholinergics (benztropine) which target dystonia/parkinsonism. Dantrolene treats muscle spasticity, not akathisia. Amoxapine, an antidepressant, worsens psychosis. Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, risks psychosis exacerbation. Propranolol's efficacy, safety, and specificity for akathisia make it the best choice, replacing D as instructed.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following drugs is more likely to cause hyperkalaemia than hypokalaemia in a patient with diabetes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) within the 'normal' reference range?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperkalemia involves elevated potassium, hypokalemia reduced levels. Amphotericin causes hypokalemia via renal potassium wasting, not hyperkalemia. Prednisolone, a glucocorticoid, promotes potassium excretion, risking hypokalemia. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) rarely affects potassium directly with normal eGFR. Salmeterol, a beta-agonist, can shift potassium intracellularly, causing hypokalemia. Insulin, in diabetes management, drives potassium into cells with glucose, potentially causing hyperkalemia if renal excretion is impaired, though less common with normal eGFR. However, its potassium-shifting effect makes hyperkalemia more likely than hypokalemia compared to others, especially in acute settings, a key consideration in diabetic care.
Question 5 of 5
Lithium is used to?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lithium is primarily used to stabilize mood and prevent manic episodes in individuals with bipolar disorder. It is a mood-stabilizing medication that helps to lessen the severity and frequency of manic episodes. Lithium is not used to lower blood glucose, slow the heart rate, or heal ulcers. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and have regular monitoring of lithium levels in the blood to ensure its effectiveness and prevent toxicity.