Lithium carbonate is useful in the treatment of:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lithium carbonate is commonly used to treat bipolar disorder due to its mood-stabilizing effects. It helps regulate neurotransmitters in the brain, specifically serotonin and norepinephrine, which are implicated in mood regulation. For petit mal seizures, anti-epileptic drugs like ethosuximide are typically prescribed. Neurosis is treated through psychotherapy and medication targeting specific symptoms. Trigeminal neuralgia is usually managed with anticonvulsants like carbamazepine. In summary, lithium carbonate's mechanism of action aligns with the treatment goals of bipolar disorder, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Triazolam. Triazolam has a short half-life and rapid onset of action, making it more likely to cause "hangover" effects the next day due to its fast clearance from the body. This can lead to residual sedation, drowsiness, dysphoria, and mental or motor depression. In contrast, choices A, C, and D have longer half-lives and slower onset of action, reducing the likelihood of significant hangover effects. Oxazepam (A) is known for its long half-life and minimal hangover effects. Clorazepate (C) and Lorazepam (D) also have longer durations of action compared to Triazolam, making them less likely to cause next-day hangover effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sevoflurane. Sevoflurane is the inhaled anesthetic that increases cerebral blood flow the least due to its minimal effect on cerebral vasodilation. Sevoflurane has a lower blood-gas partition coefficient compared to the other choices, resulting in faster onset and offset of action. This rapid clearance from the blood reduces its impact on cerebral blood flow. In contrast, Nitrous oxide (Choice B) is a potent cerebral vasodilator, Isoflurane (Choice C) and Desflurane (Choice D) also have higher blood-gas partition coefficients leading to more significant effects on cerebral blood flow compared to Sevoflurane.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Antacids, such as calcium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide, are weak bases that neutralize stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) by forming salt and water. This reaction helps to relieve symptoms of heartburn and indigestion. Option B is incorrect as antacids indeed react with gastric acid. Option C is incorrect as not all choices are correct, and Option D is incorrect as at least one of the choices is correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Ticlopidine is a thienopyridine derivative that inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation. 2. By inhibiting the binding of ADP to its platelet receptor, it prevents platelet activation and aggregation. 3. This mechanism of action makes ticlopidine an effective antiplatelet medication for preventing clot formation. 4. Therefore, the statement that ticlopidine is an inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation is TRUE. Summary of other choices: - Choice B (FALSE): This is incorrect as ticlopidine is indeed an inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. - Choice C (All): This is incorrect as ticlopidine is not classified as affecting all types of platelet aggregation. - Choice D (None of the above): This is incorrect as the correct answer is A, making this choice invalid.