ATI RN
Virtual ATI Pharmacology Pre Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
Liquid preparation that contains one or more chemical substance dissolved in a suitable solvent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A solution is a liquid preparation that contains one or more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent. The solute (chemical substance) is evenly dispersed and mixed with the solvent, resulting in a homogenous mixture. Solutions are commonly used in medicine for oral administration, injections, topical treatments, and various other applications due to their ability to provide accurate dosing and rapid absorption into the body. decoction is a liquid derived from boiling plant material, fluid extract is a concentrated liquid extract of a substance, spirits are alcoholic solutions, and syrup is a viscous solution containing sugar.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is to receive a chemotherapy protocol that includes an alkylating agent, an antimetabolite, and an antitumor antibiotic. What is the nurse's best response when the patient asks the nurse why so much chemotherapy is needed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Combination chemotherapy is used to target cancer cells at different stages of the cell cycle and through multiple mechanisms of action. Alkylating agents, antimetabolites, and antitumor antibiotics each work differently: alkylating agents damage DNA, antimetabolites interfere with DNA synthesis, and antitumor antibiotics inhibit RNA synthesis. By combining these drugs, the treatment can kill more cancer cells and reduce the likelihood of resistance. This approach maximizes tumor cell killing while minimizing the risk of relapse. Dose-limiting toxicities still exist, but the combination strategy allows for lower doses of each drug, reducing individual side effects.
Question 3 of 5
An older adult patient with a hip fracture became unresponsive 20 minutes after receiving morphine 3 mg intravenously. Which actions would the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's unresponsiveness after receiving morphine is likely due to opioid-induced respiratory depression, a potentially life-threatening side effect. The nurse should first assess the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) and call for additional assistance. Supporting breathing with a bag-valve-mask device is critical to ensure adequate oxygenation. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, should be prepared to reverse the effects of morphine. Flumazenil (A) is used for benzodiazepine overdose, not opioids. Reporting a stroke (B) is incorrect because the symptoms are consistent with opioid toxicity, not a stroke. Explaining unresponsiveness as a desired outcome (D) is inappropriate and dangerous.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is taking aspirin for arthritis. Which adverse reaction should the nurse teach the patient to report to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is a classic sign of aspirin toxicity, also known as salicylism. Aspirin can cause ototoxicity at high doses, leading to hearing disturbances. Patients taking aspirin for arthritis are often on long-term therapy, which increases the risk of toxicity. Seizures, sinusitis, and palpitations are not typically associated with aspirin use. Therefore, nurses should educate patients to report tinnitus immediately, as it may indicate the need for dose adjustment or discontinuation of the medication to prevent further complications.
Question 5 of 5
Walter, a teenage patient is admitted to the hospital because of acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose. Overdoses of acetaminophen can precipitate life-threatening abnormalities in which of the following organs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acetaminophen overdose is hepatotoxic and can cause severe liver damage, leading to liver failure if not treated promptly. The liver metabolizes acetaminophen into a toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which depletes glutathione stores and causes cellular damage. Early administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is critical to prevent irreversible liver damage. While kidney injury can occur, it is less common than liver damage.