Lincozamides have the following unwanted effect:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pseudomembranous colitis. Lincozamides, like clindamycin, can disrupt the normal gut flora, leading to overgrowth of Clostridium difficile and causing pseudomembranous colitis. This condition is characterized by severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and potentially life-threatening complications. Nephrotoxicity (A) is not a common side effect of lincozamides. Cancerogenity (B) is not associated with lincozamides. Irritation of respiratory organs (D) is not a typical adverse effect of this drug class.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because intravenous acyclovir can cause renal insufficiency due to its nephrotoxic effects. Tremors and delirium are not typically associated with acyclovir. Choice B includes common side effects like rash, diarrhea, and nausea that are not considered unwanted effects. Choice C includes neuropathy and abdominal pain, which are not common unwanted effects of acyclovir infusion. Choice D includes anemia, neutropenia, nausea, and insomnia, which are not typically associated with acyclovir infusion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stroke volume. Digoxin increases myocardial contractility, leading to more forceful contractions and improved cardiac output. This increase in contractility results in a greater ejection fraction and subsequently an increased stroke volume. End-systolic and end-diastolic volumes are not directly affected by digoxin. Systolic pressure may increase due to enhanced contractility, but the primary effect is on stroke volume.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lovastatin. Lovastatin is a statin drug that helps lower cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and subsequent stroke. It has been shown to decrease the risk of future stroke events. Isosorbide mononitrate (A) is a vasodilator used for angina, not stroke prevention. Furosemide (B) is a diuretic used for heart failure and hypertension, not for stroke prevention. Esmolol (D) is a beta-blocker used for heart rate control, not for stroke prevention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Myopathy. When a patient is prescribed a combination of niacin and atorvastatin to manage hypercholesterolemia, they are at an increased risk of developing myopathy, which is a known adverse effect of statin medications like atorvastatin. Myopathy presents as muscle pain, weakness, or tenderness, and can progress to severe complications like rhabdomyolysis. Option A) Agranulocytosis is not typically associated with niacin or atorvastatin therapy. Agranulocytosis is a condition characterized by a dangerously low white blood cell count. Option B) Gallstones are not a common side effect of niacin or atorvastatin therapy. Gallstones are more commonly associated with rapid weight loss or high cholesterol levels. Option C) Lactic acidosis is a rare but serious side effect of some medications like metformin, but it is not typically associated with niacin or atorvastatin. Educationally, understanding the potential side effects of cardiovascular medications is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of myopathy in patients on niacin and atorvastatin can help in early detection and management of this adverse effect, preventing serious complications.