Like the small intestine, the large intestine has villi to aid absorption?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. The large intestine does not have villi like the small intestine. Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, and does not have villi. Other choices are incorrect because the large intestine does not have villi and does not aid in absorption like the small intestine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Check that the bath water is not too hot, which can be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). The rationale behind this delegation is based on the principle of patient safety. Ensuring that the bath water is at a safe temperature is a task that does not require specialized medical knowledge or skills and falls within the scope of practice of a UAP. It is a straightforward task that helps prevent burns or injuries to the patient. Options A, C, and D involve aspects of patient education and require a level of understanding of diabetes management that goes beyond basic skills. Discussing complications of diabetes (Option A) and checking the patient's technique for drawing up insulin (Option C) involve assessing and providing information that requires a nursing license. Teaching the patient to use a meter for self-monitoring of blood glucose (Option D) involves instructing the patient on a critical aspect of diabetes self-management, which is beyond the scope of practice for UAPs. Educationally, understanding the delegation of tasks is crucial for nurses to effectively prioritize and optimize patient care. By recognizing which tasks can be delegated appropriately, nurses can focus on more complex aspects of patient assessment, intervention, and education. It also ensures patient safety and improves efficiency in healthcare delivery. Nurses must be knowledgeable about delegation guidelines to provide safe and effective care within an interprofessional team.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels drop too low, leading to symptoms like shakiness, confusion, irritability, and slurred speech. This is a common complication in patients with diabetes, especially those on insulin or certain oral medications. Option A) DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) is characterized by high blood glucose levels, ketones in the urine, and symptoms like fruity breath and abdominal pain. It is a serious condition that usually occurs in uncontrolled diabetes with very high blood sugar levels. Option C) HHS (Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State) is a condition of extremely high blood glucose levels leading to severe dehydration. This condition is more common in type 2 diabetes and typically presents with symptoms like extreme thirst and neurologic changes but usually not shakiness or confusion. Option D) Hyperglycemia refers to high blood glucose levels, but the symptoms described in the question (shakiness, confusion, irritability, slurred speech) are more indicative of low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). Educationally, understanding the differences between these conditions is crucial for nurses caring for patients with diabetes. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of hypo- and hyperglycemia is essential for prompt intervention to prevent complications. Nurses should be able to differentiate between these conditions based on clinical presentation to provide appropriate and timely care to their patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a patient with central diabetes insipidus, the administration of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) during a water deprivation test will result in an increase in urine osmolality. This is because central diabetes insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of ADH, leading to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine properly. When ADH is administered in this context, it helps the kidneys reabsorb water, leading to a more concentrated urine with higher osmolality. Option A, decrease in body weight, is incorrect because the administration of ADH would not directly cause a significant decrease in body weight. Option B, decrease in blood pressure, is also incorrect as ADH's primary role is in regulating water balance, not directly affecting blood pressure. Option C, increase in urinary output, is misleading as the administration of ADH would actually decrease urinary output by promoting water reabsorption. Understanding the effects of ADH in conditions like central diabetes insipidus is crucial in clinical practice, as it helps in diagnosing and managing patients with this disorder. By grasping the mechanism of action of hormones like ADH, healthcare professionals can provide appropriate treatment and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide written instruction for all information related to the drug therapy. Explanation: Providing written instructions is crucial when teaching a patient about levothyroxine therapy for hypothyroidism. Written materials offer a permanent reference that the patient can revisit as needed, ensuring comprehension and adherence to the treatment plan. Since managing hypothyroidism with levothyroxine involves a delicate balance of hormone levels, clear and comprehensive written instructions help the patient understand dosing, timing, potential side effects, and the importance of adherence to the prescribed regimen. Why the other options are incorrect: A) Explaining that alternate-day dosage may be used if side effects occur is not the most appropriate response in this scenario. Adjusting dosage should be done under the guidance of a healthcare provider, and patients should not self-adjust their medication regimen. C) Assuring the patient that a return to normal function will occur with replacement therapy oversimplifies the process. Achieving hormonal balance with levothyroxine therapy is a gradual process that requires monitoring and adjustments. D) Informing the patient that the drug must be taken until the hormone balance is reestablished is partially true but lacks the specificity and detail that providing written instructions would offer. Educational context: In healthcare, patient education is a vital component of promoting adherence to treatment plans and achieving positive outcomes. By providing patients with written instructions, healthcare providers can empower them to take an active role in their care, improve medication adherence, and enhance their overall health literacy. Teaching patients about their treatment options and medications in a clear and accessible manner fosters better understanding and collaboration between healthcare providers and patients.