ATI RN
Neurological Review of Systems Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Like the brain, the spinal cord is surrounded by bone, meninges, and ________.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The spinal cord, like the brain, is protected by bone (vertebrae), meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF provides cushioning, nutrients, and waste removal for the central nervous system. White matter and gray matter are components of the spinal cord's internal structure, while water is not a specific protective element. Therefore, cerebrospinal fluid is the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is a traumatic brain injury:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 3 of 5
A 35 year-old reporter presents to your office for evaluation of back pain and weakness in his left leg. He was play-wrestling with his nephew and hurt his back 2 weeks ago. He states that he has noticed tingling in his left leg as well. He has not noticed incontinence of bowel or bladder function. You perform a physical examination and confirm that he is dragging his left foot when he walks and that his Achilles reflex is diminished. The diagnosis is a herniated disc. Which nerve root are you testing with the Achilles reflex?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 4 of 5
In Drosophila, the neuroectoderm is located ventrally during gastrulation, while in mice or frogs, the neuroectoderm is located dorsally. Which statement best describes how the two systems are similar or different?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Despite differences in the location of the neuroectoderm (ventral in Drosophila, dorsal in vertebrates), both systems share similarities in the genetic mechanisms underlying neural development. Homologous genes, such as those involved in lateral inhibition, play crucial roles in specifying neurons in both invertebrates and vertebrates. This highlights the evolutionary conservation of developmental processes despite morphological differences.
Question 5 of 5
A client with subdural hematoma was given mannitol to decrease intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following results would best show the mannitol was effective?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An increase in urine output is the most direct indicator of mannitol's effectiveness. Mannitol works by promoting osmotic diuresis, which increases urine production. This reduces fluid volume in the brain, thereby decreasing ICP. While other signs like pupil reactivity and blood pressure are important, they are secondary indicators and may not directly correlate with the drug's immediate effect.