Αlfa-receptor stimulation includes all of the following effects EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stimulation of insulin secretion. Alpha-receptor stimulation leads to vasoconstriction, contraction of smooth muscles in the bladder base, uterus, and prostate, as well as platelet aggregation. Insulin secretion is primarily regulated by beta cells in the pancreas, which are influenced by glucose levels, not alpha-receptor stimulation. Therefore, the effects listed in options A, B, and D are all consistent with alpha-receptor stimulation, while option C is not.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Hypnotic benzodiazepines are not enzyme inducers, unlike barbiturates. Benzodiazepines act on GABA receptors, enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission, while barbiturates directly activate GABA receptors. Therefore, benzodiazepines do not induce enzymes involved in drug metabolism, making them less potent enzyme inducers compared to barbiturates. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hypnotic benzodiazepines do not induce enzymes like barbiturates do.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Phenobarbital sodium. It is the drug of choice for status epilepticus in infants and children due to its rapid onset of action, effectiveness in controlling seizures, and safety profile. Phenobarbital is a barbiturate that acts as a GABA agonist, enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission. Clonazepam (B) is also effective but may not provide as rapid seizure control. Ethosuximide (C) is indicated for absence seizures, not status epilepticus. Phenytoin (D) is not recommended in infants due to the risk of causing severe adverse effects like cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monoamine oxidase A inhibitors. Levodopa should not be given concurrently with MAO-A inhibitors as they can potentiate the effects of levodopa, leading to an increased risk of hypertensive crisis. MAO-A inhibitors inhibit the breakdown of levodopa, causing an accumulation of dopamine in the brain. This combination can result in severe hypertension and other adverse effects. Choice A (Bromocriptine) is incorrect because it is a dopamine agonist that can be used in combination with levodopa for Parkinson's disease treatment. Choice C (Carbidopa) is incorrect because it is often given in combination with levodopa to enhance its effectiveness by preventing its peripheral metabolism. Choice D (Nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonists) is incorrect as they do not have a direct interaction with levodopa.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: 1. Tramadol has weak mu agonist effects due to its opioid activity. 2. Tramadol inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake, enhancing their effects. 3. Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist with no effect on neurotransmitter reuptake. 4. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, not affecting mu receptors. 5. Butorphanol is a kappa-opioid receptor agonist, not a mu agonist like Tramadol.