Late complications of Rhesus sensitization hyperbilirubinemia and its treatment include all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question regarding late complications of Rhesus sensitization hyperbilirubinemia and its treatment, option D, "Graft-versus-host disease," is the correct answer. Rationale: - Graft-versus-host disease is not a late complication of Rhesus sensitization hyperbilirubinemia. It is a condition where the immune cells from a donor graft attack the recipient's tissues. - This condition is not directly related to the pathophysiology or treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. - It is important to understand that the other options, A) Transient aregenerative anemia, B) Direct-reacting hyperbilirubinemia, and C) Hypoglycemia, are all potential complications associated with hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. - Transient aregenerative anemia can occur due to the breakdown of red blood cells, direct-reacting hyperbilirubinemia is a form of jaundice resulting from elevated bilirubin levels, and hypoglycemia can be a consequence of the metabolic stress caused by hyperbilirubinemia treatment. Educational Context: Understanding the late complications of Rhesus sensitization hyperbilirubinemia is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working with newborns. By recognizing these complications and their treatments, healthcare providers can intervene promptly to prevent adverse outcomes for newborns affected by hyperbilirubinemia. This knowledge is essential for nurses, doctors, and other healthcare professionals caring for infants at risk of developing hyperbilirubinemia-related complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric psychiatry, understanding separation anxiety disorder is crucial for nurses preparing for the NCLEX exam. The correct answer, D, "Not reported in children above 8 years of age," is accurate because separation anxiety disorder typically presents in early childhood and tends to improve as children grow older. By age 8, most children have outgrown this disorder. Option A, "Not manifested below 3 years of age," is incorrect as separation anxiety disorder can manifest in children as young as 6-7 months old, peaking around 12-18 months. Option B, "Common up to 5% of children," is incorrect because separation anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders in children, affecting around 4-5% of children. Option C, "Girls are more affected than boys," is incorrect as separation anxiety disorder shows no gender preference; both boys and girls are equally susceptible. Educationally, nurses must recognize the typical onset, prevalence, and gender distribution of separation anxiety disorder to provide effective care and support to pediatric patients and their families. Understanding these characteristics helps nurses differentiate between normal developmental behaviors and potential anxiety disorders, enabling early identification and intervention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), the correct answer is B) Superior intellectual deficits. This is because individuals with ASD often display a wide range of intellectual abilities, with some individuals exhibiting average or even superior intellectual capabilities. ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by challenges in social communication and interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. It is not defined by intellectual deficits but rather by differences in social communication, behavior, and sensory processing. Option A) 3 grades of severity is consistent with ASD as the disorder can present across a spectrum of severity, ranging from mild to severe. Option C) Deficits in select areas is also consistent with ASD, as individuals with ASD may have deficits in specific areas such as social communication, language, or sensory processing. Option D) Motor functioning is often affected in individuals with ASD, as challenges with coordination, motor planning, and motor skills can be present alongside the characteristic features of ASD. In an educational context, understanding the diverse presentation of ASD is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric patients. By recognizing that ASD is not defined by intellectual deficits and instead involves a complex interplay of strengths and challenges across multiple domains, healthcare providers can offer more effective and individualized support and interventions for children with ASD.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) psychosis and typical antipsychotic. Psychosis in children is often treated with atypical antipsychotics due to their reduced risk of side effects like extrapyramidal symptoms compared to typical antipsychotics. Option A, ADHD and atomoxetine, is correct as atomoxetine is commonly used to treat ADHD. Option B, anxiety and antidepressant, is also a true association as certain antidepressants like SSRIs are used in treating anxiety disorders in children. Option C, aggression and atypical antipsychotic, is also a correct association. Atypical antipsychotics are often used to manage aggression in children with psychiatric disorders. Educationally, understanding these associations is crucial for nurses working with pediatric patients. It is essential for nurses to have knowledge of common psychiatric disorders in children and the appropriate pharmacological treatments to provide safe and effective care. The rationale behind each correct answer helps nurses make informed decisions in their practice and ensures the best outcomes for their pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best action in this scenario is to refer the child to a pediatric psychologist (Option A). This is the correct choice because the child's behavior of school refusal, excessive crying, and difficulty separating from parents indicates possible underlying psychological issues that require specialized professional intervention. A pediatric psychologist is trained to assess and address these emotional and behavioral concerns in children. Starting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment (Option B) without a comprehensive evaluation by a mental health professional is not appropriate as it may not target the root cause of the child's behavior and can have potential risks and side effects in children. While assessing the home environment (Option C) is important, in this case, the child's symptoms are more indicative of a psychological issue rather than environmental factors being the primary cause. Arranging for parent management training (Option D) could be beneficial for addressing behavioral issues, but in this case, the child's symptoms appear to require more specialized psychological intervention rather than solely focusing on parenting strategies. Educationally, understanding the importance of recognizing signs of psychological distress in children, appropriate referral pathways to mental health professionals, and the limitations of solely behavioral interventions are crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. This case highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach to address complex behavioral concerns in children.