Late complications of Rhesus sensitization hyperbilirubinemia and its treatment include all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question from a Pediatric NCLEX Practice Quiz, the correct answer is D) Graft-versus-host disease. Late complications of Rhesus sensitization hyperbilirubinemia include transient aregenerative anemia, direct-reacting hyperbilirubinemia, and hypoglycemia. Graft-versus-host disease is not typically associated with Rhesus sensitization hyperbilirubinemia and its treatment. Educationally, understanding the late complications of Rhesus sensitization hyperbilirubinemia is crucial for pediatric healthcare providers. This knowledge helps in recognizing and managing potential complications in infants with this condition, ensuring optimal care and outcomes. By knowing which complications are commonly associated and which are not, healthcare professionals can provide more effective and targeted care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) Not reported in children above 8 years of age. Separation anxiety disorder is a condition where individuals, typically children, experience excessive anxiety when separated from a person to whom they are emotionally attached. This disorder is characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry about being separated from the attachment figure. Option A, "Not manifested below 3 years of age," is incorrect as separation anxiety disorder can be seen in children as young as 6-7 months old, although it typically peaks around 18 months to 3 years. Option B, "Common up to 5% of children," is incorrect as separation anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders in children, affecting around 4-5% of children. Option C, "Girls are more affected than boys," is incorrect as separation anxiety disorder is slightly more prevalent in girls during childhood, but the gender difference is not as pronounced as suggested in the statement. Understanding separation anxiety disorder is crucial for pediatric nurses as they often encounter children exhibiting these symptoms. Recognizing the characteristics, age of onset, prevalence, and gender differences associated with this disorder can aid nurses in providing appropriate care and support to both the child and their family.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Superior intellectual deficits. Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Individuals with ASD may have a range of intellectual abilities, but it is not characteristic for them to have superior intellectual deficits. Option A) "3 grades of severity" is consistent with ASD as the disorder can present with varying degrees of severity, from mild to severe. Option C) "Deficits in select areas" is also consistent with ASD, as individuals with the disorder often exhibit deficits in areas such as social communication and interaction skills. Option D) "Motor functioning" can also be affected in individuals with ASD, as some may experience challenges with motor coordination or repetitive motor movements. Educationally, understanding the key characteristics of ASD is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric populations. Identifying the core features of the disorder, such as social communication deficits and restricted interests, can aid in early detection and intervention. Recognizing atypical presentations, like superior intellectual deficits in ASD, is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate support for individuals with the disorder.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric psychiatry, it is crucial to understand the appropriate associations between psychiatric illnesses in children and their treatments to provide safe and effective care. In this question, the correct answer is D) psychosis and typical antipsychotic. The rationale behind this is that typical antipsychotics are generally not recommended for use in pediatric patients due to their higher risk of adverse effects, particularly extrapyramidal symptoms. Instead, atypical antipsychotics are preferred in the treatment of psychosis in children due to their more favorable side effect profile. Regarding the incorrect options: A) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly treated with atomoxetine, a non-stimulant medication. B) Anxiety disorders are typically managed with therapies like cognitive-behavioral therapy and sometimes with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), not with antidepressants in general. C) Aggression in children may be addressed with atypical antipsychotics, not typical antipsychotics, due to their improved tolerability and safety profile in this population. Educationally, understanding these associations is vital for nurses and healthcare providers working with pediatric patients to ensure the safe and appropriate management of psychiatric conditions in children, considering factors such as age, potential side effects, and evidence-based practices in pediatric psychiatry.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best action in this scenario is to refer the child to a pediatric psychologist (Option A). School refusal in a 6-year-old could be a sign of underlying emotional or behavioral issues that require specialized assessment and intervention. A pediatric psychologist is trained to evaluate and provide appropriate interventions for children experiencing emotional difficulties, including school refusal. Starting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment (Option B) without a thorough assessment by a mental health professional is not recommended in this case as it may not address the root cause of the child's behavior and could have potential side effects. Assessing the home environment (Option C) is important but may not directly address the child's school refusal behavior. While the home environment can influence a child's behavior, a comprehensive evaluation by a pediatric psychologist is needed to understand the full picture. Arranging for parent management training (Option D) could be beneficial in some cases, but given the severity and persistence of the child's school refusal, a referral to a pediatric psychologist for individualized assessment and intervention is the most appropriate next step. In an educational context, understanding the complexities of childhood behavior and knowing when to refer to specialized professionals like pediatric psychologists is crucial for educators and school nurses in supporting the holistic well-being of students. Collaboration with mental health professionals ensures that children receive the comprehensive support they need to thrive academically and emotionally.