Lamotrigine can be used in the treatment of:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug that is effective in treating partial seizures, absence seizures, and myoclonic seizures. Therefore, the correct answer is D, "All of the above." It works by stabilizing neural membranes and inhibiting glutamate release. It is commonly used as a first-line treatment for various types of seizures. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because lamotrigine can indeed be used to treat all these seizure types based on its mechanism of action and clinical effectiveness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Severe loss of potassium and magnesium. Chronic alcohol abuse can lead to gastrointestinal issues, causing malabsorption of essential nutrients like potassium and magnesium. This can result in electrolyte imbalances, leading to severe loss of these minerals. Hyperglycemia (A) is not typically associated with chronic alcohol abuse. Increased serum phosphate (B) levels are not commonly seen with alcohol abuse. Decreased serum sodium (D) is not a typical metabolic alteration associated with chronic alcohol abuse.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Phenothiazine derivatives are known to block dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus, leading to a decrease in body temperature, causing hypothermia (Choice A). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because phenothiazines do not directly affect prolactin levels, corticotrophin release, pituitary growth hormone secretion, appetite, or weight. The mechanism of action of phenothiazines specifically targets the dopamine receptors to produce hypothermia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amitriptyline. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant known for its anticholinergic properties, leading to peripheral atropine-like toxicity such as cycloplegia, tachycardia, urinary retention, and constipation. It can also cause orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, weight gain, and sexual disturbances. Explanation: 1. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that exerts anticholinergic effects, leading to peripheral atropine-like toxicity. 2. Anticholinergic effects can cause cycloplegia, tachycardia, urinary retention, and constipation. 3. Additionally, amitriptyline can lead to orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, weight gain, and sexual disturbances. Summary of other choices: A: Sertaline - Known for causing fewer anticholinergic side effects compared to tricy

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lorazepam. Lorazepam is less likely to cause cumulative and residual effects with multiple doses due to its shorter half-life compared to the other benzodiazepines listed. Its shorter half-life means it is metabolized and eliminated from the body more quickly, reducing the risk of accumulation and residual effects. Choice A, Clorazepate, is a prodrug with active metabolites that can lead to accumulation with repeated dosing. Choice B, Quazepam, has a long half-life which increases the risk of cumulative effects. Choice D, Prazepam, also has active metabolites that can accumulate over time, leading to residual effects.