Lactogenic hormone:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Lactogenic hormone stimulates mammary glands to produce milk, essential for lactation. 2. Oxytocin is a different hormone that causes milk ejection, not production. 3. Gonadotropins like FSH and LH affect gonads, not lactation. 4. Choice C directly relates to lactation, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Diabetes insipidus Rationale: 1. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excess urine production due to inadequate ADH secretion. 2. Low blood volume occurs as a result of increased urine output, leading to dehydration. 3. Cushing syndrome involves excess cortisol production, not excess urine production. 4. Tetany is caused by low calcium levels, not excess urine production. 5. Oversecretion of ACTH leads to excess cortisol production, not excess urine production.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins are hormones that stimulate the secretion of other hormones. Step 2: These hormones target specific endocrine glands, such as the adrenal cortex. Step 3: Since these hormones stimulate the secretion of other hormones and target specific glands, they are classified as tropic hormones. Step 4: Thus, the correct answer is D: tropic hormones. Summary: A is incorrect as they are not hypothalamic-releasing hormones. B is incorrect as they are not secreted by the neurohypophysis. C is incorrect as they are not specifically aimed at the adrenal cortex.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. 2. A deficiency of ADH leads to decreased water reabsorption, resulting in increased urine output (polyuria). 3. Polyuria causes dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and concentrated urine. 4. Elevated blood glucose levels (choice A) and diabetes mellitus (choice B) are not directly related to ADH deficiency. 5. Expanding blood volume (choice D) would not occur due to decreased water reabsorption. Summary: A deficiency of ADH most likely induces polyuria by decreasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Elevated blood glucose levels, diabetes mellitus, and expanding blood volume are not direct consequences of ADH deficiency.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Growth of the musculoskeletal system. Somatotropic hormone, also known as growth hormone, plays a crucial role in stimulating growth and development of bones, muscles, and tissues. It promotes the growth of the musculoskeletal system by stimulating the production of proteins that are essential for muscle and bone growth. This effect is the most important function of somatotropic hormone as it directly impacts overall body growth and physical development. Explanation for other choices: A: Promotion of the urinary excretion of calcium - This is not a primary function of somatotropic hormone. Calcium regulation is mainly controlled by other hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. C: Regulation of sodium and water balance - This function is primarily controlled by hormones like aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone, not somatotropic hormone. D: Initiates and sustains labor to terminate pregnancy - Labor initiation is regulated by hormones like oxytocin and prostaglandins, not somat