Laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis in Question 1 can best be obtained by measuring the toxic compound's concentration in which of the following?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Mercury levels are most accurately measured in urine, especially in cases of chronic exposure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To administer an IM injection of 2.4 million units of penicillin G, the nurse should first reconstitute the penicillin powder with sterile water as per the instructions. The vial contains 5,000,000 units of the powder and when diluted with 8 mL of sterile water, the resulting concentration would be:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after an untreated or inadequately treated infection with group Aß-hemolytic streptococcus bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pyogenes. This bacteria causes strep throat, which if left untreated, can lead to complications such as rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever primarily affects the heart, joints, skin, and brain. It is important to promptly treat streptococcal infections with antibiotics to prevent the development of rheumatic fever.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: According to the American Cancer Society, they recommend that all women aged 40 to 44 should have the choice to start annual mammograms if they wish to do so. For women aged 45 to 54, it is recommended to have an annual mammogram. For women aged 55 and older, they can switch to mammograms every two years or continue with annual screenings. Mammograms are an important screening tool for detecting breast cancer early, especially in women over the age of 40 when the risk of developing breast cancer increases.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Endoderm formation occurs much earlier than 10 weeks in the embryonic period.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An adult who had a total thyroidectomy will no longer be able to produce thyroid hormones naturally. Therefore, the client will need to take replacement hormones for the rest of their life to maintain normal bodily functions and prevent complications associated with hypothyroidism. This statement demonstrates an adequate understanding of the long-term care needed after a total thyroidectomy. The other options do not accurately reflect the necessary long-term care for someone who has undergone a total thyroidectomy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, resulting in the production of abnormal hemoglobin called HbS. In order to have a child with sickle cell disease, both parents must be carriers of the HbS gene.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A client with a low serum calcium level (hypocalcemia) is at risk for exhibiting Trousseau's sign. Trousseau's sign is a clinical manifestation of hypocalcemia characterized by carpal spasm induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff on the arm above the systolic pressure for a few minutes. This spasm occurs due to the increased neuromuscular irritability caused by low calcium levels. Therefore, a nurse assessing a client with a serum calcium level of 7.2mg/dl should expect to assess Trousseau's sign.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Primary biliary cirrhosis, now known as primary biliary cholangitis, is a chronic autoimmune liver disease that affects the bile ducts within the liver. The main characteristic of this condition is progressive destruction of the small bile ducts, leading to chronic biliary inflammation or obstruction. This results in the buildup of bile in the liver, causing damage and scarring (cirrhosis) over time. Factors such as acute viral hepatitis (choice A), alcohol hepatotoxicity (choice B), and hepatic failure with prolonged venous hepatic congestion (choice D) are associated with other liver conditions, but they are not specifically linked to primary biliary cholangitis.