Kurt developed polycythemia. This can be understood as an adjustment evoked by his:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the case of Kurt developing polycythemia, the correct answer is D) Tissue oxygen need. Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an increase in red blood cell production, often in response to chronic hypoxia or low oxygen levels in the tissues. When the body's tissues are not receiving enough oxygen, the kidneys release erythropoietin, which stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells to carry oxygen to the tissues. Option A) Cardiac enlargement is incorrect because while polycythemia can lead to increased blood volume and strain on the heart, it is not the primary cause of the condition. Option B) Low blood pressure is not directly related to the development of polycythemia. Low blood pressure may be a consequence of polycythemia due to increased blood viscosity, but it is not the underlying cause. Option C) Poor valve stenosis is also unrelated to the development of polycythemia. Valve stenosis may lead to issues with blood flow and cardiac function, but it does not directly trigger the body to produce more red blood cells as a response to tissue oxygen need. Understanding the relationship between tissue oxygen need and the development of polycythemia is crucial in pediatric nursing. It highlights the body's complex mechanisms to adapt to low oxygen levels and emphasizes the importance of addressing oxygenation issues promptly to prevent complications like polycythemia. This knowledge equips nurses to recognize and intervene in respiratory conditions effectively in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Acyclovir (Zovirax) is an antiviral medication commonly used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including chickenpox in children. The correct answer is A) Decrease the number of lesions. Acyclovir works by inhibiting the replication of the virus, thereby reducing the severity and duration of the chickenpox infection. By decreasing the number of lesions, it helps in alleviating symptoms, promoting faster recovery, and reducing the risk of complications. Option B) Prevent aplastic anemia is incorrect because acyclovir is not used to prevent this condition. Aplastic anemia is a rare but serious side effect of certain medications, but it is not a primary indication for acyclovir use in children with chickenpox. Option C) Prevent spread of the disease is incorrect because while acyclovir can help in reducing the severity of the infection in the affected child, its primary purpose is not to prevent the spread of chickenpox to others. Prevention of spread is typically achieved through isolation and vaccination. Option D) Minimize scarring is incorrect because although reducing the number of lesions can indirectly contribute to minimizing scarring, acyclovir is primarily used for its antiviral properties to treat the infection itself rather than focusing on scar prevention. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to understand the rationale behind using specific medications in the treatment of childhood illnesses like chickenpox. Knowing the correct indications for medications such as acyclovir can help nurses provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients, ensuring optimal outcomes and promoting patient well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, preventing communicable diseases is crucial to ensuring the well-being of children. The correct answer is B) Immunizations. Immunizations are a key component of primary prevention because they help to protect individuals from contracting infectious diseases in the first place. By administering vaccines, the immune system is primed to recognize and fight off specific pathogens, reducing the risk of disease transmission and outbreak. Option A) Early diagnosis is a component of secondary prevention, which focuses on detecting and treating diseases in their early stages to prevent complications. While early diagnosis is important, it is not considered primary prevention like immunizations. Option C) Treatment of disease falls under tertiary prevention, which involves managing and treating existing conditions to prevent further complications or relapses. Treating a disease after it has already occurred is not considered primary prevention. Option D) Strict isolation is a measure taken in the case of an outbreak to prevent the spread of a communicable disease but is not a primary prevention strategy. It is a form of infection control and falls under the realm of outbreak management rather than primary prevention. In an educational context, understanding the different levels of prevention is essential for nurses to provide comprehensive care. By grasping the distinctions between primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, nurses can effectively implement strategies to promote health, prevent disease, and protect vulnerable populations like children from communicable diseases. Emphasizing the importance of immunizations as a primary prevention measure underscores the role of vaccines in safeguarding public health and reducing the burden of infectious diseases in pediatric populations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Therapeutic play for hospitalized children offers numerous benefits, making option B the correct answer. Providing a structured play environment helps children feel a sense of normalcy and control during a challenging time. It allows them to express emotions, reduce anxiety, and cope with their hospital experience in a developmentally appropriate way. Option A is incorrect because while therapeutic play may offer insight into a child's feelings, its primary purpose is to provide a therapeutic outlet rather than solely for the nurse's benefit. Option C is incorrect because therapeutic play is not just for disturbed children but is beneficial for all hospitalized children. Option D is incorrect as it oversimplifies the benefits of therapeutic play by focusing solely on dealing with concerns and feelings, rather than the broader therapeutic outcomes it offers. From an educational standpoint, understanding the benefits of therapeutic play in pediatric nursing is crucial for nurses working with hospitalized children. It allows nurses to create a supportive and healing environment that addresses the emotional and psychological needs of children, ultimately promoting their overall well-being and aiding in their recovery process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, administering immunizations is a crucial aspect of preventive care. The correct answer, B) Haemophilus influenza type B (HIB), is recommended for infants at 4 months of age along with DTaP and IPV. HIB vaccine protects against serious infections like meningitis and pneumonia in young children. Option A, MMR, is typically given around 12-15 months of age, so it is not appropriate at 4 months. Option C, TIV (influenza), is recommended annually starting at 6 months, not at 4 months. Option D, Var (varicella), is usually given around 12-15 months as well. Educationally, understanding the recommended immunization schedule for infants is vital for nurses to ensure they provide the right vaccines at the right time, maximizing protection for the child. This question highlights the importance of knowledge of age-appropriate vaccines and their schedules in pediatric nursing practice.