ATI RN
Anatomy of Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Koilonychias is a specific feature of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why D is correct: 1. Koilonychias is characterized by spoon-shaped nails, a common symptom of iron deficiency anemia due to decreased hemoglobin levels. 2. Iron is essential for normal nail growth, and its deficiency can lead to changes in nail shape. 3. Hemolytic anemia (A) is characterized by the premature destruction of red blood cells, not typically associated with koilonychias. 4. Sickle cell disease (B) causes abnormal hemoglobin, leading to sickle-shaped red blood cells, not related to koilonychias. 5. Thalassemia major (C) is a genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin production, but it does not directly cause koilonychias.
Question 2 of 5
A peripheral blood smear showing increase in numbers of neutrophils, band cells, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets is most suggestive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Increased neutrophils, band cells, basophils, and platelets suggest myeloproliferative disorder. 2. Presence of eosinophils indicates a chronic phase as seen in chronic myelocytic leukemia. 3. Chronic myelocytic leukemia commonly presents with increased granulocytes and platelets. Summary: - A: Acute myeloid leukemia is characterized by blast cells, not mature granulocytes. - B: Acute lymphoid leukemia primarily affects lymphocytes, not myeloid cells. - D: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia involves lymphocytes, not myeloid cells like in the given case.
Question 3 of 5
Artemisinin and its derivatives are used in the treatment of severe forms of chloroquine-resistant falciparum because they have:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rapid schizonticidal activity. Artemisinin and its derivatives target the asexual stage of the malaria parasite's life cycle, specifically the schizont stage. By quickly destroying the schizonts, they effectively kill the parasites in the blood, leading to a rapid reduction in parasite load and alleviating symptoms. The other choices are incorrect because A (Rapid gametocidal activity) targets sexual stage parasites, B (Ability to prevent further development of hypnozoites) refers to relapse prevention in Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale infections, and C (Rapid sporontocidal activity) targets the mosquito stage of the parasite's life cycle.
Question 4 of 5
Waldeyer's ring does not include:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: submandibular glands. Waldeyer's ring consists of the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids), tubal tonsils, palatine tonsils (faucal tonsils), and lingual tonsils. The submandibular glands are salivary glands located outside of Waldeyer's ring. The other choices are incorrect because they are all part of Waldeyer's ring, which is a ring of lymphoid tissue located in the pharynx.
Question 5 of 5
Increase Fe & normal TIBC are found in:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: rheumatoid arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis, there is chronic inflammation leading to elevated levels of ferritin (Fe) due to increased iron storage and a normal total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). This is because despite the increased iron stores, the body is unable to utilize it fully due to chronic inflammation. Incorrect choices: A: Thalassemia major would typically present with decreased TIBC due to increased iron absorption to compensate for the chronic anemia. B: Haemosiderosis would show elevated Fe but a decreased TIBC due to iron overload. D: Disseminated malignancy may show elevated Fe levels but typically with a decreased TIBC due to anemia of chronic disease.