Koilonychias is a specific feature of

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why the correct answer is D (Iron deficiency anemia): 1. Koilonychias is characterized by spoon-shaped nails, a classic sign of iron deficiency anemia due to changes in nail structure. 2. Iron deficiency leads to decreased production of keratin, causing nail deformities like koilonychias. 3. Hemolytic anemia (choice A) and Sickle cell disease (choice B) are not typically associated with koilonychias. 4. Thalassemia major (choice C) can cause nail changes, but koilonychias is more commonly seen in iron deficiency anemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A peripheral blood smear showing an increase in neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets is indicative of Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML). Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are myeloid lineage cells typically elevated in CML. The presence of increased platelets is also common in CML due to the overproduction of cells in the bone marrow. Summary of other choices: A: Acute myeloid leukemia - Typically presents with a predominance of immature myeloid cells like blasts, rather than an increase in mature myeloid cells. B: Acute lymphoid leukemia - Primarily involves lymphoid lineage cells, not myeloid cells as seen in the blood smear. D: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia - Characterized by an increase in mature lymphocytes, not myeloid cells like neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rapid schizonticidal activity. Artemisinin and its derivatives target the malaria parasite at the schizont stage, which is crucial for the parasite's replication and survival. By rapidly killing schizonts, these drugs help in controlling the infection and preventing severe complications. Choice A (Rapid gametocidal activity) is incorrect because artemisinin and its derivatives primarily target asexual stages of the parasite, not gametocytes. Choice B (The ability to prevent further development of hypnozoites) is incorrect as these drugs do not target the liver stages where hypnozoites develop. Choice C (Rapid sporontocidal activity) is incorrect as artemisinin derivatives do not primarily target the sexual stages of the parasite. In summary, the correct answer is D because of the drugs' effectiveness against the schizont stage, while the other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the mechanism of action of artemisinin

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: submandibular glands. Waldeyer's ring consists of a ring of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx, including the palatine tonsils (faucal tonsils), adenoids, and lingual tonsils. Submandibular glands are salivary glands located beneath the mandible and are not part of Waldeyer's ring. Therefore, B is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they are all components of Waldeyer's ring.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: rheumatoid arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation can lead to anemia of chronic disease, causing increased levels of serum iron (Fe) due to decreased iron utilization and normal Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC). Thalassemia major (A) would show decreased TIBC due to iron overload. Haemosiderosis (B) would show increased Fe and TIBC due to iron overload. Disseminated malignancy (D) may show decreased Fe and TIBC due to anemia of chronic disease or other factors.