Ketamine, a general anaesthetic agent, can be administered by

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Intravenous or Intramuscular route. Ketamine can be administered via both intravenous and intramuscular routes due to its rapid onset of action and versatility in different clinical settings. Intravenous administration allows for a quick and precise dosing, ideal for surgical procedures, while intramuscular administration provides an alternative for patients who cannot receive IV medications. Option A and B are incorrect as they are limited to only one route of administration each. Option D is incorrect as ketamine can indeed be administered by one of the mentioned routes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Opioid analgesics are primarily used for pain relief by acting on the central nervous system to reduce the perception of pain. They can also help suppress cough reflex, making them useful in some cough suppressants. Opioids can also slow down intestinal motility, which can help alleviate diarrhea. Therefore, the correct answer is D as opioids can provide symptomatic relief for pain, cough, and diarrhea. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not encompass the full range of symptomatic relief that opioids can provide.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Both of the above. Serotonin agonists are used in anxiety management (e.g., Buspirone) due to their anxiolytic effects by modulating serotonin receptors. They are also used in migraine treatment (e.g., Sumatriptan) to constrict blood vessels and reduce inflammation in the brain. Both options are valid clinical uses of serotonin agonists, making choice C correct. Choices A and B alone are incorrect as they only represent one of the clinical uses, while choice D is incorrect as serotonin agonists do have clinical uses.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diazepam. This is because Diazepam is a fast-acting benzodiazepine that helps terminate seizures quickly, making it the drug of choice for status epilepticus. It works by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, which helps to calm excessive electrical activity in the brain during a seizure. Phenobarbital (B) and Phenytoin (C) are not recommended as first-line treatments for status epilepticus due to slower onset of action. Valproic Acid (D) is also not the drug of choice for status epilepticus as it is typically used for long-term seizure management rather than acute seizure control.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why the correct answer is A: Topiramate is primarily used for migraine prophylaxis due to its ability to reduce the frequency and severity of migraines. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain. The other choices are incorrect because topiramate is not typically used for acute seizures, mood stabilization, or pain management. It is important to differentiate between the specific indications for each medication to ensure appropriate treatment.