Katrina has an abnormal result on a Papanicolaou test. After admitting that she read her chart while the nurse was out of the room, Katrina asks what dysplasia means. Which definition should the nurse provide?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alteration in the size, shape, and organization of differentiated cells. Dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in cells, where they appear different from normal cells in terms of size, shape, and organization. This is often seen as a precursor to cancer. Choice A is incorrect because it describes an undifferentiated tumor, not dysplasia. Choice B is incorrect as it describes hyperplasia, an increase in the number of normal cells. Choice C is incorrect as it describes metaplasia, where one type of differentiated cell is replaced by another.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Heparin-associated thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (HATT). Following CABG surgery, patients are at risk for developing HATT due to the use of heparin as anticoagulant. The sudden decrease in platelet count from 230,000 to 5,000 suggests heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a condition where the immune system activates platelets in response to heparin, leading to platelet destruction and thrombosis. Pancytopenia (choice A) is a reduction in all blood cell types, not specific to platelets. Idiopathic thrombocytopemic purpura (ITP) (choice B) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by low platelets, but not typically associated with recent surgery. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (choice C) involves widespread clotting leading to platelet consumption, but the rapid decrease

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Myxedema coma. Skipping thyroid replacement medication can lead to hypothyroidism worsening, potentially progressing to myxedema coma, a life-threatening condition characterized by extreme hypothyroidism. This can result in decreased consciousness, hypothermia, respiratory depression, and other serious complications. Exophthalmos (choice A) is associated with hyperthyroidism, not skipping thyroid medication. Thyroid storm (choice B) is a severe complication of hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Tibial myxedema (choice D) is a rare localized form of myxedema, not a life-threatening complication of skipping thyroid replacement therapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: A decreased TSH level. In hyperthyroidism, there is an overproduction of thyroid hormones, leading to a negative feedback loop that suppresses the release of TSH from the pituitary gland. Therefore, a decreased TSH level is indicative of hyperthyroidism. Rationale: 1. A: No increase in TSH level after 30 minutes during TSH stimulation test - In hyperthyroidism, the TSH level would already be low, so no increase would be expected. 2. C: An increase in TSH level after 30 minutes during TSH stimulation test - This contradicts the pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism where TSH is suppressed. 3. D: Below-normal levels of serum T3 and T4 - While low T3 and T4 levels can occur in hypothyroidism, in hyperthyroidism, there is typically an excess of these hormones. In summary, a decreased TSH

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pneumothorax. In this scenario, the absence of breath sounds in the upper lobe of the lung field indicates a possible pneumothorax, where air enters the pleural space causing lung collapse. This condition is common in trauma cases like motor vehicle accidents. Bronchitis (A) and pneumonia (B) typically present with abnormal breath sounds but not the absence of breath sounds in a specific lobe. Tuberculosis (D) would not cause sudden absence of breath sounds in a specific lobe.