Katie is admitted to the intensive care unit of Nurseslabs Medical Center for diabetic ketoacidosis; which of the following is of primary importance when caring for the child?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When caring for a child with diabetic ketoacidosis in the intensive care unit, evaluating the child for cardiac abnormalities is of primary importance. Diabetic ketoacidosis can lead to electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia, which can result in cardiac complications, such as arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Monitoring the child's cardiac function, including obtaining an electrocardiogram (EKG) and assessing for signs of heart failure, is essential in managing and preventing potential cardiac complications in this critical condition. While the other options are important considerations in the care of a child with diabetic ketoacidosis, evaluating the child for cardiac abnormalities takes precedence due to the life-threatening implications of cardiac complications in this setting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a young child like Clay who is diagnosed with heart failure, following the directed therapeutic regimen would involve maintaining a normal weight for his age. Weight monitoring is crucial in managing heart failure as excessive weight gain could lead to worsening of symptoms and complications. Ensuring that Clay stays within a normal weight range for his age shows his adherence to dietary recommendations, fluid restrictions, and overall treatment plan aimed at managing his heart failure effectively. Monitoring his weight would also help healthcare providers assess if the treatment plan is working and make necessary adjustments as needed. Therefore, Clay maintaining a normal weight for his age indicates that he is strictly following the directed therapeutic regimen for his heart failure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nurse Cheryl should include in her teaching plan for Reggie's parents to avoid contact with people who have upper respiratory tract infections. Otitis media is often caused by upper respiratory infections, and exposure to individuals with such infections can increase the risk of exacerbating Reggie's condition or causing recurrent infections. Implementing measures to minimize exposure can help prevent further complications and promote faster recovery for Reggie. Placing the child in the supine position to bottle-feed may increase the likelihood of fluid entering the middle ear, worsening the otitis media. Giving amoxicillin on an empty stomach is not recommended as it can cause gastrointestinal upset and reduce absorption; instead, it should be given with food to enhance efficacy. Cleaning the inside of the ear canals with cotton swabs can be harmful and may cause damage or introduce infection, making it an inappropriate practice in managing otitis media.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Elevated levels of AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) in the amniotic fluid during an amniocentesis often indicate neural tube defects, such as spina bifida. Spina bifida is a condition where the spinal cord does not develop properly, leading to a range of possible issues depending on the severity of the defect. In this case, the elevated AFP levels point towards a higher likelihood of spina bifida rather than other conditions like CP (cerebral palsy), Down syndrome, or hydrocephalus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When assessing a newborn and noticing a wide perineum and unequal gluteal and thigh folds, it may signal the possibility of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), also known as hip dysplasia. DDH is a condition where the hip joint does not properly form in newborns, leading to instability and potential dislocation. The wide perineum and unequal gluteal and thigh folds are physical signs that can be indicative of hip dysplasia. It is essential to diagnose and treat hip dysplasia early to prevent long-term complications like difficulty walking and osteoarthritis. Regular screening of newborns for hip dysplasia risk factors and physical exam findings is crucial for early detection and intervention.