ATI RN
Free Pediatric CCRN Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
JR is admitted to the medical-surgical unit because of a diagnosis of nephritic syndrome. What is the hallmark of this syndrome?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephritic syndrome is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, leading to proteinuria, hematuria, and decreased kidney function. The hallmark symptom of nephritic syndrome is edema, which occurs due to the loss of proteins in the urine as a result of damaged glomeruli. The loss of proteins leads to a decrease in colloid osmotic pressure, causing fluid to leak out from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues, resulting in edema. Osmotic diuresis, hypolipidemia, and hyperproteinemia are not typically associated with nephritic syndrome.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is assessing a client with possible Cushing's syndrome. In a client with Cushing's syndrome, the nurse would expect to find:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome is a disorder characterized by excessive levels of cortisol in the body. One of the classic physical manifestations of Cushing's syndrome is the accumulation of adipose (fat) tissue in specific areas, such as the trunk (central obesity) and dorsocervical area (referred to as a "buffalo hump"). This redistribution of body fat is a key feature in Cushing's syndrome. The thick, coarse skin is commonly seen in conditions like acromegaly, not in Cushing's syndrome. Weight gain in the arms and legs is not a typical finding in Cushing's syndrome. Additionally, hypertension, rather than hypotension, is more commonly associated with excess cortisol levels in Cushing's syndrome.
Question 3 of 5
When caring for a client, whose being treated for hyperthyroidism, it's important to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When caring for a client with hyperthyroidism, it is important to monitor the client for signs of restlessness, sweating, and excessive weight loss during thyroid replacement therapy. Treatment for hyperthyroidism often involves thyroid replacement therapy to restore the balance of thyroid hormones in the body. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of overmedication or undermedication is crucial to ensure the client's health and well-being. Restlessness, sweating, and weight loss can be indicators of an imbalance in thyroid hormone levels and may require adjustments in medication dosage. Regular monitoring and communication with healthcare providers are essential in managing the client's condition effectively.
Question 4 of 5
The majority of lumbar disc herniations occur at the level of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The majority of lumbar disc herniations occur at the level of L4-L5. This is because the L4-L5 disc segment bears the highest amount of stress and load in the lumbar spine due to its location and mechanics. The intervertebral disc between the fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) lumbar vertebrae is subject to repetitive movements and mechanical stress, making it more susceptible to herniation compared to other levels in the lumbar spine. Additionally, the anatomy of the L4-L5 disc makes it more prone to degeneration and herniation, leading to a higher prevalence of herniated discs at this level.
Question 5 of 5
Mrs. Zeno asks the nurse why the disease has occurred. The nurse bases the reply on the knowledge that there is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The disease mentioned in the question is likely myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting nerve impulses to muscles. In myasthenia gravis, the immune system destroys or blocks the acetylcholine receptor sites on muscle cells, leading to a decrease in the number of functioning receptor sites. This results in muscle weakness and fatigue because the communication between nerves and muscles is impaired. This is why the nurse would base the reply on the knowledge that there is a decreased number of functioning acetyl-choline receptor sites as the underlying cause of the disease.