Jones criteria in diagnosis of Rheumatic fever.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Both A and B) because Jones criteria for the diagnosis of Rheumatic fever include carditis (inflammation of the heart) and erythema marginatum (a skin rash). Carditis is a major criteria and erythema marginatum is a minor criteria. Therefore, both A and B are essential components of the Jones criteria for diagnosing Rheumatic fever. Choice A (Carditis) alone is incorrect as it does not encompass the full criteria, and Choice B (Erythema marginatum) alone is also incorrect as it is just a minor criteria. Choice D (None of the above) is incorrect as the correct answer is a combination of both carditis and erythema marginatum.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mr. Baker's blood pressure remains uncontrolled because he is not taking his medicine as ordered. Medication adherence is crucial for managing blood pressure. If Mr. Baker is not taking his medicine as prescribed, it can lead to uncontrolled blood pressure. Choices B, C, and D may also contribute to high blood pressure, but not taking medication as ordered is the most likely reason based on the information provided. Choice B focuses on diet, which is important but not the most likely reason in this scenario. Choice C mentions sedentary behavior, which can impact blood pressure but is not as critical as medication adherence. Choice D addresses smoking, which is a risk factor for high blood pressure but not the primary reason in this case.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why the correct answer is C: a diuretic. 1. Diuretics promote the excretion of excess water and salt from the body, reducing fluid volume in the bloodstream. 2. Administering a diuretic can help manage conditions like hypertension and heart failure by decreasing blood pressure and relieving edema. 3. Diuretics are commonly used to treat conditions where fluid retention is a concern. 4. In the given scenario, anticipating administering a diuretic would be appropriate to address potential fluid overload or edema. Summary: A: Analgesics are used for pain relief, not for addressing fluid retention or volume overload. B: Catecholamines are hormones involved in the body's fight-or-flight response and are not typically used to manage fluid balance. D: Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator used to treat angina and heart-related chest pain, not fluid retention issues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Increased heart rate and shallow painful respirations are indicative of pulmonary embolism. Increased heart rate is a common response to decreased oxygen levels due to impaired blood flow from a clot in the pulmonary arteries. Shallow, painful respirations can occur due to chest pain and difficulty breathing associated with pulmonary embolism. Decreased urine output and elevated central venous pressure (Choice A) are more indicative of heart failure or renal issues. Elevated temperature and decreased skin turgor (Choice C) are signs of dehydration or infection. Abdominal tenderness and decreased capillary refill (Choice D) are more suggestive of intra-abdominal issues like appendicitis or bowel obstruction.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Has a mitral valve stenosis. This is because Joan Timmerman presents with symptoms that may indicate a heart condition, such as shortness of breath and fatigue. Mitral valve stenosis is a condition where the heart's mitral valve is narrowed, leading to symptoms like fatigue and shortness of breath. Infectious mononucleosis (B) typically presents with symptoms like sore throat and swollen glands, not specifically related to Joan's symptoms. Emotionally upset (C) may cause fatigue but is less likely to cause shortness of breath. Being exhausted (A) is a general symptom and does not explain the specific symptoms Joan is experiencing.