Jonas comes into the local blood donation center. He says he is here to donate platelets only today. The nurse knows this process is called:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Apheresis is the process of selectively collecting specific blood components, such as platelets, while returning the remaining components to the donor. This method allows for the efficient collection of platelets without depleting the donor's red blood cells or plasma. Directed donation refers to donating blood for a specific recipient, autologous donation involves donating one's own blood for future use, and allogeneic donation is the standard donation for the general blood supply. Therefore, apheresis is the correct term for platelet-only donation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pethidine has less potency than morphine and can reduce uterine activity at term.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Redness and pain at the site of the infusion can indicate a potential infiltration or extravasation of the medication, in this case, pentamidine (Pentam) IV. Pentamidine is a medication used to treat Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia in HIV patients. Infiltration or extravasation of pentamidine can lead to tissue damage, necrosis, and potentially severe complications. Therefore, it is crucial to immediately assess and address any signs of redness and pain at the infusion site to prevent further harm to the patient. This assessment finding should be promptly relayed to the physician for further evaluation and intervention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ginkgo is known to have anticoagulant properties that can interact with and enhance the effects of anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin. Therefore, patients taking anticoagulant therapy should avoid herbal products containing ginkgo to prevent excessive anticoagulation and the risk of bleeding complications. It is essential for healthcare providers to educate patients on potential herb-drug interactions to ensure their safety and optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The concentration of a drug in the blood decreases by half with each half-life. Thus, after 4 to 5 half-lives, the amount of drug remaining in the blood would be approximately 6.25% to 3.125% of the original concentration. This translates to the concentration being around 50% or less, making the correct answer A. 50%.