Jomari is diagnosed with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is stabilized and prepared for discharge. When preparing the client for discharge and home management, which of the following statements indicates that the client understands her condition and how to control it?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates a clear understanding of the importance of hydration and monitoring symptoms in managing HHNS. By recognizing the signs of dehydration and the need to drink more fluids, the client can prevent complications. Choice B is incorrect because consuming soda with sugar can worsen the condition by raising blood glucose levels. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses solely on monitoring blood glucose levels without addressing the crucial aspect of hydration. Choice D is incorrect because eating a snack high in carbohydrates can exacerbate hyperglycemia, leading to further complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Respiratory alkalosis. In massive pulmonary embolism, there is decreased oxygen exchange in the lungs leading to hypoxia. This causes hyperventilation, leading to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood, resulting in respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis (A) and alkalosis (B) are not directly related to pulmonary embolism. Respiratory acidosis (C) would result from hypoventilation, which is not typically seen in pulmonary embolism.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because, on average, it takes more than 10 years for HIV infection to progress to AIDS without treatment. The latency period can vary, but with advancements in treatment, people can live longer without developing AIDS. Choice A is incorrect because 5 years is too short for HIV to progress to AIDS on average. Choice B is also incorrect as it falls within the same timeframe as choice A. Choice C is incorrect as although 10 years is closer to the average, it is still not long enough for the majority of individuals.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The term "pink puffer" refers to a female client with emphysema. Emphysema is characterized by hyperinflation of the lungs leading to a pink or flushed complexion due to increased breathing efforts. This presentation contrasts with the "blue bloater" appearance seen in chronic obstructive bronchitis, which is characterized by cyanosis and edema. ARDS is a different condition marked by severe respiratory distress and not associated with the "pink puffer" presentation. Asthma typically presents with wheezing and bronchoconstriction, not the specific characteristics of a "pink puffer."

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct first step is D: Apply gloves and assess the groin site. By applying gloves, the nurse ensures infection control. Assessing the groin site helps identify any potential bleeding or complications post-catheterization, guiding further interventions. Calling for help (A) may be necessary but assessing the site is immediate. Obtaining vital signs (B) is important but not as critical as assessing the site. Asking the client to "lift up" (C) is not appropriate before assessing the site for potential complications.