Jenny reported to the high school nurse that her mother drinks too much. She is drunk every afternoon when Jenny gets home from school. Jenny is afraid to invite friends over because of her mother’s behavior. This type of crisis is called:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dispositional crisis. This type of crisis arises from an external event or stressor that overwhelms an individual's usual coping mechanisms. In this case, Jenny's mother's alcoholism is causing distress and fear for Jenny, impacting her ability to function normally. A is incorrect because traumatic stress typically involves a singular event causing intense emotional response. B is incorrect as maturational crisis relates to normal life transitions. D is incorrect as crisis reflecting psychopathology involves mental health conditions as the primary cause of crisis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Wear clean gloves for body fluid contact." This is correct because wearing clean gloves when coming into contact with body fluids is essential to prevent the transmission of infections like AIDS. Sterile gloves are not necessary for routine patient care, and wearing a mask or waterproof gown is not indicated unless there is a specific risk of droplet or airborne transmission. Thus, the staff member demonstrating an understanding of using clean gloves for body fluid contact shows knowledge of proper transmission precautions for caring for a patient with AIDS.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Put on gloves before touching body fluids. This is because wearing gloves is a standard precaution to prevent exposure to HIV through contact with bodily fluids. Gloves create a barrier between the nurse's skin and the patient's fluids, reducing the risk of transmission. Recapitulating needles (B) can increase the risk of needle-stick injuries. Washing own open skin lesions (C) is important for personal hygiene but does not prevent HIV transmission. Removing one finger on a glove (D) compromises the protective barrier and exposes the nurse to potential infection.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Keeping the virus from replicating. The primary treatment goal for HIV is to maintain an undetectable viral load by inhibiting viral replication through antiretroviral therapy. This helps to prevent progression to AIDS and reduces the risk of transmission. A: Stimulating the immune system is not the primary goal as HIV specifically targets and weakens the immune system. B: Treating opportunistic infections is important but not the primary goal; it's a consequence of HIV-related immune suppression. C: Killing the virus with medication is not entirely possible due to HIV's ability to integrate into host DNA; the focus is on viral suppression to prevent replication.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Patients with AIDS are at high risk for opportunistic infections, particularly Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia due to their compromised immune system. This infection is a common cause of respiratory issues in AIDS patients. Monitoring for this specific infection is crucial for early detection and treatment. A: Tuberculosis is also a common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, but the question specifically mentions a lung infection caused by a fungus, ruling out tuberculosis. B: Cytomegalovirus is a viral infection, not caused by a fungus, hence it is not the correct answer. C: Candida albicans is a fungal infection, but it typically affects mucous membranes like the mouth and throat, not the lungs as specified in the question.